Polymerase chain reaction The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude‚ generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis‚ PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications. These include DNA cloning for sequencing‚ DNA-based phylogeny
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Tattoos and Their Adverse Reactions Tattoos have been around for centuries‚ Egyptians would tattoo themselves as a symbol of fertility and strength. In recent years‚ popularity has increased especially amongst teenagers. They range in size‚ designs‚ colors and location. However‚ as the popularity grows as do the concerns over the safety and risk. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate tattoos. This leaves the burden of safety and regulations to individual cities
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‚ Reading the October 8th‚ number 8 series of the Duke‚ it was a pleasure realizing that you reacted on‚ shooting on campus. Thank you for your reaction and observation on this issue and the measures to take to prevent it re-occurring in Duquesne campus. Your reaction on shooting on campus in‚ raise some opinion on the topic It was a good observation especially on this aspect that‚ “individual schools can take steps to address the growing threat of violence and adapt to the culture of fear on
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more clearly displays the relationship‚ view Figure 2. The rate at which the reaction occurred for the 100% concentration is 1.45 mg/dL per minute. For the 50%‚ the rate was 3.05 mg/dL per minute‚ and for the 25%‚ the rate was 2.76 mg/dL per minute. As seen‚ the rate fluctuated from the lowest rate at 100% and the greatest rate occurring at 50%. As mentioned earlier‚ the Collision Theory states the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the number of collisions that occur. One way to increase
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Light Dependent Reactions The light dependent reaction of photosynthesis involves the transfer of sunlight energy into two things: The production of ATP Reduction of coenzyme NADP to NADPH NADP – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH – Reduced NADP The energy from sunlight is used to excite an electron‚ within a primary pigment‚ to a higher energy level. The excited electron is then donated to an electron acceptor leaving the chlorophyll molecule oxidised and reducing the acceptor
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percent yield. = Actual yield/Theoretical yield x 100 = 0.5/0.68 x 100 = 73.5% Conclusion: The objective of the experiment is to predict the amount of product produced in a precipitation reaction using stoichiometry. Secondly‚ the experiment accurately measures the reactants and products of a reaction. Also‚ the experiment is to determine actual yield vs. theoretical yield and to calculate the percent yield. For example in this experiment‚ we were able to predict that we need 0.72g of Na-2CO3
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Experiment 3: Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction Abstract: In this experiment‚ the objective is to use Stoichiometry to predict the amount of product produced in a precipitation reaction. We received working knowledge of how to accurately measure reactants and products of the reaction. We then are able to use the data that we recorded to make assessments of the actual yield opposed to the theoretical yield. When we calculated the percent yield we are able
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Introduction: A chemical reaction is formed of reactants and products. Reactants react with each other to give one or more product. Sometimes we can visualize observations that are characteristic of the reaction. Like for example a release of a gas (bubbles are formed) or a change of color or also the formation of a precipitate. Materiel needed: Test tubes Rack of test tubes Plastic droppers Beakers Procedure: We prepare 7 beakers of 7 different solutions (that we mark from 1→ 7)
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Double Replacement Precipitation Reactions Determine whether an ionic double replacement reaction has occurred.If I place different amounts of ionic solutions in a well plate‚ then I will be able to determine which of the solutions has had an ionic double reaction placement because I will use the solubility rules to decide which product produced the solid precipitate.Place five drops of silver nitrate into well A1 through A4. Place five drops of Iron (III) Nitrate into rows B1 through B4. Place
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Classes of Chemical Reactions Whenever a reaction takes place‚ energy is changed as well when the substances react chemically. Scientists have taken these changes in energy and generalized them. Scientists can take these generalizations and discover more about the nature and tendencies of matter. In this lab‚ the purpose was to perform seven reactions‚ write down their equations‚ and identify the type of reaction. In this lab report‚ several methods of displaying this information will be applied
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