Variables - any factor that can change in amount or kind over time. Eg age‚ time‚ IQ‚ memory etc An experiment tests the cause-effect relationship between variables Independent variable – the variable that is systematically manipulated‚ changed or varied in some way by the experimenter‚ in order to assess its effect on participant’s responses (DV) Dependent variable – the variable that the experimenter is measuring‚ shows any effects of the IV It is called the DV because whether or not it will
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Worked example from Tutorial 8 8.3 Three laboratories‚ A‚ B‚ and C‚ are used by food manufacturing companies for making nutrition analyses of their products. The following data are the fat contents (in grams) of the same weight of three similar types of peanut butter. | |Laboratory | |Peanut Butter |A |B |C |D | |Brand 1 |16
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SPECIFICITY Compound Relative retention time Related sustances From individual solution From blend solution Varation H-GTBRC01 (0.15%) 0.65 0.65 0.00 H-GTBRC02 (0.15%) 0.80 0.80 0.00 H-GTBRC03 (0.15%) 0.43 0.43 0.00 Gefitinib (0.1%) 1.00 1.00 0.00 Observation: No interference was observed due to blank at the retention time of H-GTBRC01‚ H-GTBRC02‚ H-GTBRC03 . The order & relative retention time obtained from individual solution & blend solution were
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A 4(amount of alcohol: 0‚ 2‚ 4‚ 6 pints) X 2(type of lighting: dim‚ bright) within subjects Factorial ANOVA was conducted on attactiveness scores of chosen mate. Mauchly’s test indicated that the assumption of sphericity had been assumed for the main effect of alcohol amount‚ χ²(5) = 4.70‚ p > .05 and alcohol amount and lighting type interaction effect‚ χ²(5) = 2.58‚ p > .05. There was a significant main effect of type of lighting on attractiveness of chosen mate‚ F (1‚ 25) = 23.42‚ p
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I have to think of all the choices I have. At this point I am at a disadvantage. I am a lizard in a unknow cave‚ and none the less I am premature. My main worry is right now is food and warmth. I was able to deal with the food problem temporarily due to the egg slime‚ but that will run out soon. If it comes down to it I could always break open the other eggs‚ and eat what I assume to be my siblings. Personally I would like to refrain from taking that action. That still leaves the problem
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ADVANTAGES OF THE FACTORIAL DESIGN Some experiments are designed so that two or more treatments (independent variables) are explored simultaneously. Such experimental designs are referred to as factorial designs. In factorial designs‚ every level of each treatment is studied under the conditions of every level of all other treatments. Factorial designs can be arranged such that three‚ four‚ or n treatments or independent variables are studied simultaneously in the same experiment. If two independent
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This work of PSYCH 610 Week 4 Individual Assignment Homework Exercise shows the solutions to the following points: 1. What is a confounding variable and why do researchers try to eliminate confounding variables? Provide two examples of confounding variables. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of posttest only design and pretest-posttest design? 3. What is meant by sensitivity of a dependent variable? 4. What are the differences between an independent groups design and a repeated measures
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Example B: Raw Score Method You may wish to test the effects of a number of experimental treatments (counselling approaches): group counselling‚ peer counselling and individual counselling on the self-concepts of students. In this case‚ the independent variable‚ counselling approach has three levels. Necessarily there should be three groups randomly selected from the school population which will be exposed to three different counselling approaches. The dependent variable‚ self-concept‚ may be
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To test the aptitude of the person‚ it requires manual dexterity whereby a joint in a person’s arm is controlled and predetermined stress in which the direction of the arm and the joint moves will lead to the deflection and it will be measured (Wagner‚ 1977). This experiment is widely known all over the world and it is usually used especially to capture the motor performance in a variety of situations. According to Bryden and Roy (2005)‚ they did the study to examine the influences of handedness
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Friedman Test for a random Block Design -The Friedman Test is used when compairing more than two populations or treatments randomly assigned within blocks. This is the counterpart of the F test or ANOVA used in parametric statistics. Unlike the F test or ANOVA which is used with the assumption that the observations taken from each of the populations are normally distributed‚ the Friedman test is used when no distrubutional assumptions are necessary. The following are the steps in doing the Friedman
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