CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Over the last two decades‚ Performance Information‚ its implementation and presentation to the end users which directly refers to the subject of performance measurement (PM) has gained increasing interest and recognition in the general management literature‚ leading Neely (1999)‚ when referring to the many contributions on the subject‚ to talk about the Performance Measurement Revolution. He demonstrated that between
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Survey finds internal audit risk assessments inconsistent Year: August‚ 2007 The report suggests that internal auditing needs to identify areas of high and moderate risk that are part of the internal audit plan but have been deferred or cancelled because of the organization’s focus on Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404. It recommends that chief audit executives (CAEs) revisit the budgets‚ skills‚ and capabilities needed to achieve a comprehensive‚ balanced‚ and risk-based approach to auditing‚ as well
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Literature Review on Childhood Obesity By: Obesity is a growing problem among U.S. children. In 1994‚ one in five children between the ages of 6 and 17 was overweight. This is double the rate of 30 years ago (National Center for Health Statistics‚ 1999). This adverse trend has potentially profound effects on children’s health‚ including their long-term health. The terms "obese" and "overweight" often are used interchangeably. Technically‚ "obesity" is the upper end of "overweight
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(2006) 412–419 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jden Review The bleaching of teeth: A review of the literature Andrew Joiner * Unilever Oral Care‚ Quarry Road East‚ Bebington‚ Wirral‚ CH63 3JW‚ UK article info Article history: Received 15 December 2005 Accepted 16 February 2006 abstract Objectives: To review current knowledge of tooth whitening with respect to external bleaching methods. Data: The scope is the external bleaching
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Brand Equity A brand represents a “name‚ term‚ sign‚ symbol‚ or design‚ or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition.” Without a recognizable brand‚ a product is but a mere commodity. It’s more than just a name‚ term‚ symbol‚ etc. – a brand is everything that one company’s particular offering stands for in comparison to other brands in a cate-gory of competitive products. As the value
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Gender and Leadership Literature Review 1. Introduction Leadership theories and literature describe what leaders should do and on the other hand literature also exists on what leaders actually do‚ the former are prescriptive and the latter are descriptive (Bratton et al; 2005). Leadership style is a relatively consistent set of behaviours that characterise a leader (DuBrin; 1995). The main leadership theories encompass the trait‚ behaviour‚ contingency‚ power
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Literature Review: According to Casse and Banahan (2007)‚ the different approaches to training and development need to be explored. It has come to their attention by their own preferred model and through experience with large Organisations. The current traditional training continuously facing the challenges in the selection of the employees‚ in maintaining the uncertainty related to the purpose and in introducing new tactics for the environment of work and by recognizing this‚ they advising on
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The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the influence episiotomy’s have on postpartum pain. In the first study by Leeman et al. (2009)‚ the purpose was to evaluate the pain associated with genital trauma‚ labor care‚ and different incidences during birth from a group of healthy women who had few instances of episiotomies and delivered vaginally. The sample size consisted of 565 midwifery patients that were at least eighteen years of age. These women signed consent forms allowing their
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Review of Related Literature and Studies According to George Epstein “Computer is an electronic device that performs calculation and processes information. It handles vast amount of facts and figures and solves complex problems at incredibility high speeds. A computer can processes many kinds of information‚ from book titles and customers account numbers to chemical formulas and words from ancient Greek texts. It handles all such data in the form of numbers. Retired General Melchor P. Rosales
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RELATED STUDIES FOREIGN 1. HOW TO USE GESTALT INTERPRETATION FOR VENTILATION-PERFUSION LUNG SCINTIGRAPHY Introduction: The use of a so-called gestalt interpretation‚ an integration of different sets of criteria and the physician’s own experience‚ has been advocated in the interpretation of lung scintigraphs of patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism. However‚ data on the reliability of this approach are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the observer variability
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