oblongata as well as airway obstruction may cause respiratory acidosis. 3. Explain how the renal system would compensate for respiratory acidosis. The kidneys regulate the amount of H+ ions and HCO 3- excreted in the urine which regulate acid base balance. A C T I V I T Y 3 Renal Responses to Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis 1. Describe what happened to the concentration of ions in the urine when the PCO2 was lowered. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
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18.1.4 – 18.1.6 CALCULATIONS INVOLVING ACIDS AND BASES Review of Important formulas pH = ‐ log10[H+] [H+] = 10‐pH pKa = ‐ log10 Ka Ka = 10‐pKa pOH = ‐ log10[OH‐] [OH‐] = 10‐pOH pKb = ‐ log10 Kb Kb = 10‐pKb The ionic product of water = Kw = [H+] x [OH‐] = 1.0 x 10‐14 mol2 dm‐6 at 298 K The expression varies with temperature
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28—40 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pathophysiology of acid base balance: The theory practice relationship Sharon L. Edwards ∗ Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College‚ Chalfont Campus‚ Newland Park‚ Gorelands Lane‚ Chalfont St. Giles‚ Buckinghamshire HP8 4AD‚ United Kingdom Accepted 13 May 2007 KEYWORDS Acid base balance; Arterial blood gases; Acidosis; Alkalosis Summary There are many disorders/diseases that lead to changes in acid base balance. These conditions are not rare or uncommon in
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Exercise 10: Acid/Base Balance Worksheet Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis Activity 1: Normal Breathing 1. At 20 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 2. At 40 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 3. At 60 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 4. Did the pH level of the blood change at all during normal breathing? If so‚ how? No 5. Was the pH level always within the “normal” range for the human body? Yes 6. Did the PCO2 level change during the course of normal breathing? If so‚ how? No Activity 2a: Hyperventilation – Run 1 1. At 20
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Equilibrium and Acid Base Test Review: May 2012 Things to know: 1. Explain DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. Why does a reaction at equilibrium look like it is NOT reacting? 2. Are all reactions equilibrium reactions? What assumptions do we make when we say that a reaction does NOT take place or that it is UNIDIRECTIONAL and goes 100% to completion 3. Be able to sketch a graph of the following (assuming that you start with all reactants and no products) : a. A reaction that really doesn’t do anything
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Case Vignettes in Acid-Base Balance Due Saturday‚ March 16 th Choose three of the four vignettes and BRIEFLY answer the questions that follow. Normal Levels of Substances in the Arterial Blood: pH 7.40 + 0.05 pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) 40 mm Hg pO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) 90 - 100 mm Hg Hemoglobin - O2 saturation 94 - 100 % [HCO3-] 24 meq / liter Vignette #1: A 14-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis has complained of an increased cough productive of green sputum over
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Task 4 – The Maintenance of the Acid – Base balance in the body (D1) pH is measured based on its acidity and alkalinity. There are many substances around the body that have different pH values. A pH of 7 is usually considered neutral‚ neither acid nor alkaline‚ this is the pH of water. In the body the acids and bases need to be in very close balance‚ this is called ‘acid base homeostasis. If it goes off too far in either direction then it could be fatal to the body. For example in the body the blood
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PART THREE Renal Acid-Base Balance 1 Acid • • • • An acid is when hydrogen ions accumulate in a solution. It becomes more acidic [H+] increases = more acidity CO2 is an example of an acid. HCl 2 H+ H+ ClH+ H+ ClH+ 7 ClpH ClCl- As concentration of hydrogen ions increases‚ pH drops Base • A base is chemical that will remove hydrogen ions from the solution • Bicarbonate is an example of a base. NaOH Na+ OH- H + ClH+ ClNa+ OHH+ ClH+ Cl- Na+ OHH+ ClNa+ OH- 2 7 pH Acids and basis neutralize
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LAB 6. ACIDS AND BASES: PH AND BUFFERS PURPOSE: To determine the pH of common acids and bases using a pH meter‚ pH paper‚ and red cabbage indicator. To test the effect of adding an acid or base to a buffer solution. SAFETY CONCERNS: Always wear safety goggles. Wash with soap and water if skin contacts acids or bases. ACIDS: An Acid is a substance that when dissolved in water will produce hydrogen ions‚ H+‚ in the solution. An acid that does not contain carbon is called an inorganic
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R E V I E W S H E E T E X E R C I S E 10 Acid-Base Balance Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis The following questions refer to Activity 1: Normal Breathing. 1. What was the pH level during normal breathing? 2. Was this pH within the normal pH range? 2. Was this pH within the normal pH range? The following questions refer to Activity 2: Hyperventilation. 3. In run 1‚ what was the maximum pH recorded with hyperventilation? 4. What acid-base imbalance occurred with hyperventilation
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