THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS 291 UNIT 10 THE s -BLOCK ELEMENTS The first element of alkali and alkaline earth metals differs in many respects from the other members of the group After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • describe the general characteristics of the alkali metals and their compounds; • explain the general characteristics of the alkaline earth metals and their compounds; • describe the manufacture‚ properties and uses of industrially important sodium and calcium
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Magnesium Mg(Z=12) in Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals The structure of the element: Giant lattice metallic structure of immobile positive metal ions surrounded by a ’sea’ of freely moving mobile electrons (so-called delocalised electrons). Physical properties: A moderately hard silvery-white solid; mpt 649oC; bpt 1090oC; good conductor of heat/electricity. Group‚ electron configuration (and oxidation states): Gp2 Alkaline Earth Metal; e.c. 2‚8‚2 or 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2; (+2 only) e.g. MgCl2
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effect of heavy metals lead and cadmium (0.05 mM and 0.3 mM) on growth and antioxidant enzymes of seedlings of 2 mung bean genotypes (NM 19-19 and Azri mung-2006). Results revealed that germination percentage and seedling length decreased when compared with the control for both genotypes. However‚ seedling length and germination percentage was better in NM 19-19 as compared to Azri mung-2006. Elevated levels of protein were observed under metal stress in both genotypes. Heavy metals induced oxidative
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Biology 10 Vinegar Eel Lab Adam Dorner 1) The most toxic metals were silver‚ lead and iron‚ all killing the eels in under four minutes‚ with silver taking only 1 minute and 40 seconds to kill the eels‚ and only 13 seconds to make the eels stop forward motion. Strontium wasn’t effective as after 5 minutes of exposure to it‚ the eels hadn’t died or stopped forward motion. 2) a) The accepted toxicity varies from metal to metal. The accepted toxic level of lead is 0.0012 parts per million‚ however
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Ocean County College Department of Chemistry Identification of Metallic Ions Purpose: The purpose of this lab exercise was to perform and observe the flame tests of some alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. When electrons in metallic ions are grounded‚ their configuration is stable. In other words‚ the loosely bound electrons in the valence shell of the atom are satisfied at their “low” energy state. They do not require to be balanced by emitting any type of radiation or receiving any
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Topic: Silver is an ancient mineral that dates back since prehistoric times. One thing that makes silver so special is that it was one of the first five metals that we started to use. Silver is found in almost every electronic device there is‚ and as time progresses the usage of it increases‚ unfortunately the amount there is left decreases. How is it created or source of the mineral? (5) Silver is not originated from Earth‚ as it happens it came from space. Many elements were formed in the big
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Flame Test Purpose: to determine the ID of 2 unknown substances Background Information: Every atom consists of a nucleus with tiny electrons whizzing around it. The further away from the nucleus they are‚ the more energy the electrons have. If a metal atom is heated‚ the electrons get enough energy to jump higher away from the nucleus‚ they become “excited”. When they fall back closer to the nucleus (back to their ground state)‚ they give off this extra energy as light. Why is the flame test
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contain high level of toxic pollutants such heavy metals which are mainly produced by anthropogenic activities such as smelting‚ battery and steel manufacturing‚ mining‚ and metal processing (Verma and Dwivedi‚ 2013). The pollution caused by the release of these heavy metals into the aquatic system has become one of the major problems over the last few decades. In fact‚ some inland water bodies in Europe and America were closed for fishing due to heavy metal contamination (Vieira and Volesky‚ 2000). In
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Title: Specific Heat Capacities of Metals Experiment Date: 3/28/2012 Report Date: 4/4/2012 Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to measure the specific heat capacities of aluminum‚ steel and brass. Theory: The amount of heat (ΔQ) required to change the temperature of an object is proportional to the mass (m) of the object and the temperature change (ΔT) of the object. ΔQ= cmΔT where c is called as the specific heat capacity of the material. In the calorie units system the unit of quantity
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Apache Metals‚ Inc What problems can you see in the way project managers were assigned in the past? In the past‚ there are many problems in the employment of the project manager. Before any step you take the company must be well thought out before making any decision. In the past they did not have sufficient experience in decision-making and the non-existence of the staff. The main reason in the past was that they do not have the experience and they were taking the wrong decisions. Lack of
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