CHAPTER – 4 THREE PARAMETER FRACTURE CRITERION 4.1 MODIFIED TWO-PARAMETER FRACTURE CRITERION K max = K F �(1 − m) � The two – parameter fracture criterion as per Newman is‚ σf �� σu (4.1) Here KF and m are two fracture parameters evaluated from base line test data. σf is the failure stress normal to the direction of the crack in a body σu is the nominal stress required to produce a plastic hinge on the net section. The modified two-parameter fracture criterion is an empirical relation developed
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Compression to Ventilation ratio | Compressions | Breaths | Adult CPR | 30:2 | 30:2 | - at least 100/minute - at least 2 inches the depth of the chest | - 1 second duration - Every 5-6 seconds - 10-12 breaths/minute | Child CPR (1-13yers) | 30:2 | 15:2 | - at least 100/minute - 2 inches or at least 1/3 rd the depth of the chest | - 1 second duration - Every 3-5 seconds - 12-20 breaths/minute | Infant CPR (0-11 months) | 30:2 | 15:2 | - at least 100/minute - 1 ½ inches
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acetaminophen‚ relieve pain as fracture heals Physical Therapy – Once bone begins to heal doctors will advise patient to start doing gentle shoulder and elbow exercises to strengthen the bone. Doctor follow-ups – visit doctor regularly to check in bone is position using XRAY Surgical Plates and Screws – Bone fragments are repositioned in their normal alignment‚ and then held in place by screws or by attaching metal plates to outer surface of the bone. Pins – Hold fracture in good position Exercises
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There are many different types of bone fractures. Also‚ you can have them any where in your body. You can have them in your arm‚ leg‚ wrist‚ skull‚ and many other places. If you fracture a bone and it doesn’t break through the skin it is called a closed fracture. The opposite of a closed fracture is when the bone breaks through the skin; it is called an open fracture. When there are organs that are injured‚ such as the lung‚ it is called a complicated fracture. Sometimes‚ the bone splinters into
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Clavicle Fracture A clavicle fracture is also known as a broken collarbone. The collarbone is located between the ribcage (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula); this connects the arm to the body. (Orthoinfo) The clavicle is a long bon and most breaks occur in the middle. On very rare occasions‚ it will break where it attaches at the ribcage of shoulder blade. (Orthoinfo) Although it lies above several important nerves and blood vessels‚ injuries are rare to these nerves and blood vessels even
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mcdonals vision of a nation linked by rail from sea to sea Mackenzie thought it was a loot of expensive trouble The main geographical problems with building the railway was the mountains to the west. The Fraser River the canadians shield and the distance from the mainland and vancouver land. A formula for nation building‚remained an essential part of canadian government policy Including a system of protective Tariffs‚ Western Settlement and The CPR “Canada for Canada” -McDonald Resources
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From the article Darwin’s Rib by Robert S. Root-Bernstein viewed the topic of evolution and religion together. With the article we were given to read‚ I saw a few things the article talked about that was in chapter 2. The similarities were with the topic of Lamarckian and Darwinian theories where Lamarckian talked about how traits such as muscle build up that is created from working hard would be transferred to their children. In the article a student talks about how males have a missing rib because
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Fractures of the foot can occur in many different ways but generally after a severe impact injury or gradually over time due to overuse or repetitive activity‚ over training or a training programme that has increased without giving enough time for build-up. Simply changing a training surface can result in injury e.g running on a track to running on a treadmill. The most common type of fracture is the stress fracture which is most common in runners or athletes who participate in sports that require
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drink Watch for changes Be prepared to give BLS 4. Heart Attack – Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)‚ p. 246 Sudden reduced blood flow to heart muscle Medical emergency that often leads to cardiac arrest Can occur at any age Usually results from atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries) 5. Facts About Heart Attack‚ pg. 247 Box 16-1 Over 1‚255‚000 heart attacks occur a year in the United States‚ resulting in over 132‚000 deaths Many could have been saved by first aid and medical treatment
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or better known as CPR is the revival or return to function of the heart and lungs. This is done by Cardiac massage‚ artificial respiration‚ and drugs to maintain the circulation of oxygenated blood to the brain. In 1950’s a surgeon opened the chest of a patient that suffered a heart attack and subsequent and cardiac arrest. After opening the papatientschest he performed a heart massage‚ which was a successful maneuver. This was turned out to be the basis for the
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