DNA – RNA Notes The sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is called ribose. -RNA is a single strand of nucleotides. DNA is made of two strands of nucleotides. -DNA is a double helix with hydrogen bonds linking the nitrogen bases. RNA is a linear strand with no hydrogen bonds. -The bases of DNA are: Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Cytosine‚ and Guanine. The bases of RNA are: Adenine‚ Uracil‚ Cytosine‚ and Guanine. -RNA does not have Thymine‚ and DNA does not have Uracil. -In DNA
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CHAPT 1 - The scientific method allows the solving of problems and answering of questions. Observations Proposing ideas Testing the ideas Discarding or modifying ideas based on results Hypothesis: proposed explanation for a set of observations Hypotheses needs to be: Testable – it must be possible to examine the hypothesis through observations Falsifiable – it must be able to potentially be proven false Both logical and creative influences are used to develop a hypothesis A hypothesis
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which is a double chain of sugars and phosphates that are joined by pairs of nucleic acids. These are adenine‚ guanine‚ cytosine and thymine. For replication‚ DNA is unzipped by the enzyme and it leaves a single nucleotide chain‚ which is then copied. RNA polymerase then reads the DNA strand and grabs a single stand of mRNA. This single strand leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm inside the ribosomes. Translation: tRNA brings the amino acid and anticodon which corresponds to the first (start)
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clones * Many different human DNA fragments have been cloned * ------------------------------------------------- How do you find the one “of interest”? Nucleic Acid Hybridization * Synthesize a Nucleic Acid Probe * Single strand DNA or RNA (radioactive) * Complementary to the gene of interest * Synthesize on the base of: * Base sequence of the gene (at least part of it) * AA sequence of the protein * Denature the DNA with heat or chemicals * The probe will H-bond
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Assignment 1 Part A: 1. a) H b) P c) P d) H e) P f) P g) H h) a and g are based on group selection 2. a) P ; P b) U ; EF c) P ; P d) U ; G e) P ; G 3. A) This is the best way to keep the species’ population from getting too large & C) This enables females to pick the best male‚ thereby improving the genetic quality of white-throated sparrows. 4. C) A comparison of identical and fraternal twins enables us to test the hypothesis that some differences among individuals
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an amazing amount of the nucleotide base‚ adenine. Adenine is of tremendous biological significance as an organic compound because it is one of the four bases in RNA and DNA. It is also a component of adenosine triphosphate‚ or ATP‚ which is a major energy releasing molecule in cells. Experiments conducted later showed that the other RNA and DNA bases could be obtained through simulated prebiotic chemistry with a reducing atmosphere. These discoveries created a stir within the science community
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structure determine the freeze – thaw resistance of an aggregate. * There are two ways used to determine the resistance to freezing – thawing of an aggregate: past performance record and the freeze – thaw test on concrete... Premium464 Words2 Pages Micro Rna exposed to different temperature conditions as well as repeated freezing
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7/30/2015 Assignment [ print page ] Assignment Background Information: Scientists have found that almost all living organisms have a gene that codes for a protein called Cytochrome C. This protein is important in releasing energy from food. Scientists study similarities such as the gene that codes for Cytochrome C in hopes to learn more about the universal genetic code and the relationship between living organisms on Earth. Procedure: The charts below lists a portion of the amino acids found in
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MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA •Adapted from Chapter 9 in Genetics: Analysis and Principles (Robert J. Brooker) Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display IDENTIFICATION OF DNA AS THE GENETIC MATERIAL • To fulfill its role‚ the genetic material must meet several criteria – 1. Information: It must contain the information necessary to make an entire organism – 2. Transmission: It must be passed from parent to offspring – 3. Replication:
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Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions 1. Cellular foundations Pages: 2-4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C In a bacterial cell‚ the DNA is in the: A) cell envelope. B) cell membrane. C) nucleoid. D) nucleus. E) ribosomes. 2. Cellular foundations Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 Ans: E A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: A) DNA. B) photosynthetic capability. C) plasma membranes. D) ribosomes
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