Corporation‚ 7320 Executive Way‚ Frederick‚ MD 21704‚ USA xzeng@superarray.net Yufang Wang and Benjamin Ray Seyfarth University of Southern Mississippi‚ Hattiesburg‚ MS 39406‚ USA Keywords: siRNA‚ RNA interference‚ three-phase‚ Smith-Waterman‚ BLAST Received: July 10‚ 2005 As our knowledge of RNA interference accumulates‚ it is desirable to incorporate as many selection rules as possible into a computer-aided siRNA-designing tool. This paper presents an algorithm for siRNA selection in which
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Genetic tests are laboratory procedures that identify changes in our genes. Most human disease results‚ in whole or in part‚ from alterations in genes. Because the tests are expected to have incredible predictive power and because they may tell us personal information before we are ready to receive it‚ testing requested by a third party could be considered an infringement on privacy. Furthermore‚ the technology is new and thus subject to errors in interpretation that could result in unfair discrimination
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shown in Fig. 1.1‚ CMV strain containing a satellite RNA co-infected with Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)‚ brought fruit necrosis and killed off the whole plant when the temperature was high. CMV infection in early spring used to bring a major lost of radishes and other cruciferous crops. Fig. 1.1. Symptoms caused by infection of Cucumber mosaic virus in the field (a) Field tomato plant complexly infected by Cucumber mosaic virus with a satellite RNA and a strain of Tomato mosaic virus; (b) Field radish
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and although proteins are components of living cells‚ a prion is not. The interesting thing about prions are they are like viruses but without the DNA or RNA and in order for a prion to reproduce or be considered alive it must force living cells to do the reproduction for them. Viroids are found only in plant cells. They consist of a piece of RNA that is very small. Like a Virus and Prion‚ Viroid depends on other host of factors to replicate. Viroid and Prions are agents that are infectious but can’t
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Polypeptide (protein) Protein Synthesis Flow of Information: DNA RNA Proteins Transcription Translation Transcription is the process by which a molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA. This is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it acts as a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes where protein synthesis is carried out. Protein Synthesis Transcription Transcription process •RNA polymerase (an enzyme) attaches to DNA at a special sequence that serves
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Exam 1 (Biol 120‚ Spring 2014) 2/21/14 12:00-12:50 pm 50 questions × 3 points = 150 points 1. Table right compares the shape and size of various prokaryotes. Which one best describes Escherichia coli? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 2. Which is the least permeable through the cell membrane? A) Proton B) Water C) Glycerol D) Tryptophan E) Glucose 3. Figure right shows three classes of transport systems. Which one is using energy? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 1 and 2 E) 1‚ 2 and 3 Use figure right to answer
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the bonds that hold the phosphate sugar backbone are covalent bonds. 9. Since there are only 4 nucleotides and they have to code for 20 AA you need groups of three 10. you need to understand this table‚ the only one to memorize is AUG ( remember RNA has a U instead of a T 11. DNA replication starts with unzipping the two strands. DNA polymerase can only lay down a first nucleotide 5’ end. It starts on the 3’end of one original strand and zips down the DNA creating it’s complementary strand- no
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strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC‚ transcription will result in a(n) ______. a. single DNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG b. single RNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG c. DNA double helix with the sequence AAGCTC for one strand and TTCGAG for the complementary strand d. single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG e. RNA double helix with the sequence UUCGAG for one strand and AAGCUC for the complimentary strand 3. The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried
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However‚ the step of translation can be divided into 3 other steps known as Initiation‚ Elongation and Termination. Before the beginning of the process‚ the corresponding RNA molecule is produced by RNA transcription by a DNA gene in the nucleus. A strand of the DNA double helix is used by the RNA polymerase to synthesize a messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. During this step‚ mRNA goes through different types of maturation including one called splicing when the
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virus (BUNV)‚ which prevents S-2 CTD phosphorylation and finally inhibits type I interferon IFN-β gene expression suggesting a block in transition from initiation to elongation in the mammalian host (Thomas et al. 2004). The influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (vRNP) also interacts with the S-5 CTD and inhibits the RNAPII elongation (Engelhardt et al. 2005; Chan et al. 2006). Another study defines that cyclinT1/CDK9 serves as an adapter to mediate the interaction of vRNP and S-2 RNAPII CTD
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