Lagging strand goes 3’ to 5’. Takes longer to replicate cause it’s built in fragments. • Tip from the book(know these enzymes for replication: DNA polymerase‚ ligase‚ helicase‚ and topoisomerase. Know this enzyme for transcription(the role of RNA polymerase. • Replication(making DNA from already existing DNA strand. DNA replication is semiconservative (1/2 of original DNA and the other ½ is from new DNA strand). This is used by humans! o A group of enzymes called DNA polymerases
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Research Reports Profiling the HeLa S3 transcriptome using randomly primed cDNA and massively parallel short-read sequencing Ryan D. Morin‚ Matthew Bainbridge‚ Anthony Fejes‚ Martin Hirst‚ Martin Krzywinski‚ Trevor J. Pugh‚ Helen McDonald‚ Richard Varhol‚ Steven J.M. Jones‚ and Marco A. Marra BioTechniques 45:81-94 (July 2008) doi 10.2144/000112900 Sequence-based methods for transcriptome characterization have typically relied on generation of either serial analysis of gene expression tags
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What is Food Microbiology Food microbiology is the study of food micro-organisms; how we can identify and culture them‚ how they live‚ how some infect and cause disease and how we can make use of their activities. Microbes are single-cell organisms so tiny that millions can fit into the eye of a needle. They are the oldest form of life on earth. Microbe fossils date back more than 3.5 billion years to a time when the Earth was covered with oceans that regularly reached the boiling point‚ hundreds
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into ATP for the cell. Nuclear membrane is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Nucleolus is and organelle that’s inside the nucleus this is where ribosomal RNA is produced. Nucleus is a circle shaped body that holds many of the organelles‚ the nucleus controls the function of the cell and also contains DNA. Ribosome small particles made of RNA-rich cytoplasmic which assemble the proteins. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is a large system of connected sacks that are located in the cell’s cytoplasm
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Introduction Genetics: the science‚ which deals with the principles of heredity and variation. Heredity: transmission of characters from parents to their off spring. Variation: Differences for various characters among the individuals of the same species. Types of variation: 1. Environmental and 2. Hereditary 1. Heredity variation: Variation observed among the individuals of the same species due to difference in their genetic constitution is termed as heredity variation. 2. Environmental variation:
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Biology- cell organelles assignment Animal cells: Introduction: An animal cell is called a eukaryotic cell; it has a cell membrane‚ cytoplasm and a nucleus. The cell surface is covered by a membrane only. The cell membrane is strong and keeps the cell together even though it is thin and flexible. The cell membrane also controls what goes in and out of the cell e.g. nutrients go in and waste comes out. The cytoplasm is inside the nucleus and it controls the cells activities. An animal is
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Basic chemistry of a cell Properties of water – – – Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before spreading onto land. Modern life‚ even terrestrial life‚ remains tied to water. All living organisms require water more than any other substance. Human beings for example‚ can survive for quite for a few weeks without food‚ but only a week or so without water. – – – Water is deceptively simple. It is shaped something like a wide V‚ with its two hydrogen atoms joined
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT CELLULAR STRUCTURES CELLULAR STRUCTURES COMPOSITION (Biomolecule) LOCATION (in relation to the cell) NUMBER and DISTRIBUTION PRESENCE/ABSENCE IN ORGANISMS PROCESSES INVOLVED (functions) BODY STRUCTURE/ ORGAN functionally similar to and why? CELL MEMBRANE Glycoprotein Phospholipids Cholesterol Glycolipids Peripheral protein Integral protein Structural Protein Receptor Protein Transport Protein Outer Side of the Cell - Maintains the physical
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ironic that viruses are very powerful‚ yet cannot reproduce by itself. They have various shapes‚ including rod-like‚ spherical‚ and phage. They generally have a similar structure: a protein coat called a capsid‚ a small amount of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that is located within the capsid. Important characteristics include: not living and no respiration. They can only reproduce within a host through the lytic cycle where the virus attacks the host‚ injects it its nucleic acid into the host‚ and then
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University of Arkansas Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acid: a biopolymer containing three types of monomer units • a base derived from purine or pyrimidine (nucleobases) • a monosaccharide‚ either D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose • phosphoric acid • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Nucleic Acids • Levels of structure • 1°structure: the order of bases on the polynucleotide sequence; the order of bases specifies the genetic code • 2°structure: the three-dimensional conformation
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