Define metabolism: The sum of all biological chemical reactions inside a cell or organism Differences in catabolism and anabolism: Catabolism is an enzyme-regulated chemical reaction that releases energy. Complex organic compounds such as glucose‚ amino acids‚ glycerol and fatty acids are broken down into simpler ones. The energy of catabolic reactions is used to drive the anabolic reactions. Anabolism is also enzyme regulated but requires energy for taking the simpler broken down components
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prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA. (The “nucleus” of a prokaryotic cell) The nucleoid instructs all the organelles on what to do. Ribosome: A cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus. (Make proteins from amino acids) The nucleoid controls the ribsomes and specifies which proteins to make. Plasma Membrane: The thin layer of lipids
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Vocabulary words II: 1. Closed system - a region that is isolated from its surroundings by a boundary that admits no transfer of matter or energy across it 2. Undefined media - basal or complex media 3. Z-streak - is a technique used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism‚ often bacteria 4. Selective media – a growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells‚ or small plant 5. Differential media -are
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Biology‚ 7e (Campbell) Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Chapter Questions 1) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except A) DNA. B) a cell wall. C) a plasma membrane. D) ribosomes. E) an endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: E Topic: Concept 6.2 Skill: Knowledge 2) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that A) plant cells are capable
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have experienced convergent evolution. C) DNA was the first genetic material. D) The same codons in different organisms translate into the different amino acids. E) Different organisms have different numbers of different types of amino acids. a 12) RNA polymerase in a prokaryote is composed of several subunits. Most of these subunits are the same for the transcription of any gene‚ but one‚ known as sigma‚ varies considerably. Which of the following is the most probable advantage for the organism of
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DNA |I | |INTRODUCTION | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)‚ molecule that acts as the mechanism of biological inheritance in almost all living creatures. DNA is found in nearly all cells and contains the coded instructions that control the workings of the cell. DNA is passed from parents to offspring‚ and contains the coded instructions that enable the offspring to develop from a single cell into an adult body. DNA is the most important molecule in life‚ and an understanding of the
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each phase of the typical batch growth curve 12.) Know the role of the stationary phase sigma factor‚ and understand how that ties to global regulation during transition to stationary phase 13.) Know the roles for Fis and H-NS in regulation of ribosomal synthesis; also note the physiological state of ribosomes (abundance) during log phase growth and what happens upon starvation for nutrients (ppGpp – stringent response) 14.) Understand the observation of diauxic growth in E. coli; What is the major
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teixobactin was a peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor was found when the researchers ran tests using label incorporation in the bacteria S. aureus. The tests confirmed that teixobactin inhibited synthesis of peptidoglycan‚ however it had no effect on DNA‚ RNA‚ or protein. Due to resistance not being a factor‚ this suggested to the researchers that the teixobactin may bind to a number of targets‚ but it will not bind to a protein. The researchers then discovered that teixobactin was able to bind to modified
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of dek1 transcripts in wild type (WT)‚ dek1 non-expressing PpΔdek1 and dek1 overexpressing Pp35S:dek1 mutant of P. patens. Firstly the isolated total RNA from three variants were reverse transcribed to produce cDNA which were than amplified by the help of Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Nanodrop instrument was used for measuring the RNA concentration which was found to be very low which is 23.7ng/µl in Δdek1 variant
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used to build DNA? Adenine‚ cytocine‚ guanine‚ thymine. 7. Which are used to build RNA? Adenine‚ uracil‚ cytocine‚ guanine. 8. What is a purine? How many rings do purines have? Purines are natural substances found in all of the body’s cells‚ and in virtually all foods. 9. What is a pyrimidine? How many rings do pyrimidines have? 2 rings. 10. How is DNA different from RNA (strands‚ sugars‚ base pairs‚ location)? RNA is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers.RNA nucleotides contain
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