The Evolution of Tuberculosis Before the 20th century‚ there was little hope of survival for patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. The disease was considered impossible to fight and the only course of remedy was staying healthy by managing a healthy diet and getting plenty of rest (Goldberg et al.‚ 2012). In 1921‚ advancements in scientific research led to the development of the first vaccine‚ known as Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (Lienhardt et al.‚ 2012). The discovery
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BIOL1102 2008 PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR THE MID-TERM EXAM Practice Questions from week 2 lectures 1. The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of some animals: a) Enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops b) Enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids c) Enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids d) Makes the membrane less flexible‚ allowing it to sustain greater
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* Meiosis – cell division for gamete production * In specialized tissues * Produces cells with the 1n chromosome number * Two Divisions * Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes * Meiosis II separates sister chromisis * Asexual Reproduction * Mitotic division * Identical offspring * Sexual Reproduction * Fuse gametes from parents (syngamy) to produce a zygote * Each parent contributes half the genetic material * Increase the diversity of
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| |Calcium (Ca) |Co-factor in some enzymes |Formation of bones and teeth |Important in formation of cell wall | |Phosphorus (P) |Phosphate group in ATP |Component of RNA and DNA |Component of phospholipids. | | | | |Co-factor in protein synthesis | |Iron (Fe) |In
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2-Doxorubicin-DOX(Adriamycin): The anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOX) (C27H29NO11) (fig.2) (Kambas et al.‚ 2013) is one of the most useful anticancer agents and is still a cornerstone in the therapy of many carcinoma types.(simunek et al .‚ 2009) including leukemia‚ lymphoma‚ breast‚ lung‚ ovarian‚ and liver cancers‚ among others. Originally isolated from the fungus streptomyces peucetius (youngmok‚2003). Fig.( 3 )Chemical structure of
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is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? b) What is one significant similarity? Prokaryotic cells do not have a neucleus and Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus. One similarity is that both are covered by a cell membrane and contain RNA as well as require energy 3. Which type of microscopy provides a 3d view of the surface of an object? Scanning electron microscope 4. Would you find proteins inside cells or cells inside proteins? (Choose one answer.) Protein inside cells
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Macromolecular Composition of the Liver Cell Formal Report Aims The aim of the experiment was to test for the presence of DNA‚ RNA‚ protein and glycogen in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of bovine liver cells. From the findings of the results the distribution of these macromolecules can be shown within the liver cell. This was carried out by undertaking qualitative experiments‚ where the observation of a colour change was noted and a quantitative experiment‚ where numerical data was recorded from
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Module 1 ‘Introduction to Molecular Biology’ Learning Objectives (Chapter 6) Molecular Biology‚ DNA‚ chromosomes‚ and the central dogma. Understand Nucleic Acid Structure and properties (including alternate forms of DNA structure and supercoiling‚ and renaturation) Explain the nature of Prokaryotic Chromosome Understand the differences in re-association kinetics of single-copy vs. repeated sequence Understand how DNA re-association provides a measure of genome size in base pairs Functions
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Mitosis Biology Project Dania Abu Zahra‚ Hadeel Kashash‚ Nada Mubarak‚ Reem Al Ahbabi What is Mitosis? Mitosis is the process by which a cell‚ which has previously replicated each of its chromosomes‚ separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets of chromosomes‚ each set in its own new nucleus. It is a form of nuclear division. It is generally followed immediately by cytokinesis. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle—the division of
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identification of the organisms is difficult because the contaminating organisms often are not cultivable. (Wiley et al. 2012) study was explored further insight into the etiology of contact lens related disease by using culture independent‚ 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene analysis. In their study Achromobacter‚ Stenotrophomonas and Delftia were the predominant bacteria rather than Pseudomonas in patient having contact lens related corneal diseases. These genera’s exhibits physiological properties similar
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