require a risk premium over bond yields to bear the additional risks of equity investments. While models such as the two-parameter capital asset pricing model (CAPM) or arbitrage pricing theory offer explicit methods for varying risk premia across securities‚ the models are invariably linked to some underlying market (or factor-specific) risk premium. Unfortunately‚ the theortical models provide limited practical advice on establishing empirical estimates of such a benchmark market risk premium. As
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WORKING PAPER Auditor Independence: An Examination Independence Risk Factors and Mitigating Factors on Auditor Judgment Barbara M. Vinciguerra Penn State Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies Auditor Independence: An Examination Independence Risk Factors and Mitigating Factors on Auditor Judgment Abstract Professional standards require auditors to be independent in the performance of attestation services. Critics of the accounting profession have expressed
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British Petroleum British Petroleum is a company‚ which focuses mainly on petroleum‚ but has some interest in alternative energy. It is one of the world largest oil and gas companies‚ which serves over 13 million consumers in more than 100 countries. The market of alternative energy is not as well developed‚ nor as profitable as oil‚ but it is a good future investment with the recently raising environmental concerns. BP recognized this on time and entered the solar market in the year of 1973.( History
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The Five Factor Model of Personality The precise definition of personality has been a point of discussion amongst many different theorists within many different disciplines since the beginning of civilisation. Personality can be defined as "the distinctive and characteristic patterns of thought‚ emotion‚ and behaviour that define an individual’s personal style and influence his or her interactions with the environment" (Atkinson‚ Atkinson‚ Smith & Bem‚ 1993: 525). It can be proposed that personality
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Risk This assignment will critically evaluate theories of risk‚ and consider the approaches to practice for the role of a local authority social worker in the identification‚ assessment and management of risk of social work with children‚ young people and families. There will be consideration given to the impact of social work practice on service users and carers including my understanding of anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice. The idiom ‘damned if you do and damned if you don’t’
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(CRIM 105 South Bend) Connie Wawrzyniak 02/02/2011 The Theories Of Risk And Protective Factors Among Youth Offenders In today’s world there are many risk factors that play into a youths life. A risk factor approach assumes that there are multiple‚ and overlapping‚ risk factors in an individuals background that lead to adverse outcomes. Examples of risk factors which may lead to a youth being a offender are non-attendance at school‚ school failure‚ substance abuse‚ being abused‚ unemployment
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Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk Eliezer Yudkowsky (yudkowsky@singinst.org) Forthcoming in Global Catastrophic Risks‚ eds. Nick Bostrom and Milan Cirkovic Draft of August 31‚ 2006 Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence Palo Alto‚ CA Introduction By far the greatest danger of Artificial Intelligence is that people conclude too early that they understand it. Of course this problem is not limited to the field of AI. Jacques Monod wrote: "A curious
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The True Risk Factors for Non-communicable Diseases Introduction Greeting my fellow classmates and a happy holiday. As the name implies‚ non-communicable diseases are those diseases that cannot pass from one individual to another individual‚ these diseases include coronary heart disease‚ stomach ulceration‚ stroke‚ ischemic diseases‚ neuropsychiatric diseases‚ cancer‚ cardiovascular diseases‚ diabetes etc. Previously‚ in our community we referred to these diseases as the “rich man” diseases‚ because
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Drop out risk factors in high school students Tyrone Galimore Parent‚ Child‚ and School Psychology 133A-AMEA Professor Melissa Harwin Tyrone Galimore Parent‚ Child‚ and School PSY 133A-MEA Professor Melissa Harwin Fall semester 2012 10/11/2011 Introduction The purpose of this Life Arts Project (L.A.P.)was to review the benefits of family involvement for children. For the purpose of this L.A.P. I am going to summarize some of the expectations that families
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Risk Factors that Increase Stress in Modern Day Adolescents Adolescence is a time of growth and development. It is a transitional stage between the dependency of childhood and independency of adulthood. Thus‚ it is not surprising that adolescence is noted to be a juncture of high distress. Risk factors and causes of stress in adolescence must be determined first and foremost‚ so that appropriate coping strategies can be developed to deal with this issue. Stress is defined as conditions or events
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