iA Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a business structure allowed by state statute. LLCs are popular because‚ similar to a corporation‚ owners have limited personal liability for the debts and actions of the LLC. Other features of LLCs are more like a partnership‚ providing management flexibility and the benefit of pass-through taxation. Owners of an LLC are called members. Since most states do not restrict ownership‚ members may include individuals‚ corporations‚ other LLCs and foreign entities
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Donoghue vs Stevenson (1932) is the first case law relevant of liability to third party. However‚ in this case‚ the liability is only established if there are physical harms of loss by third parties (not economic losses) Candler & Crane Chrismas (1951) is the next stage of development‚ where there is liability for financial loss if there is a contractual relationship‚ a fiduciary relationship or a fraud Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd vs Heller & Parties Ltd (1963) is a significant point of development
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CLINICAL AUDIT LITERATURE AND EVIDENCES [ARTICLE] Audit is currently defined as a cyclical activity incorporating both systematic evaluation of the quality of clinical practice and action .The aim of audit is to establish the extent to which actual clinical practice compares with best clinical practice. Bowie etal(2012 It incorporates the systematic and critical analysis by nurses‚ midwives and health visitors‚ in conjunction with other staff‚ of the planning‚ delivery and evaluation
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Safeguards Objective Assessment a) The lending of staff by the firm to an audit client may create a self-review threat. (APES110.290.142) Referring to APES110‚290 142‚ it states that if the firm lend the staff to audit client‚ and it will create the self-review threat. The possible safeguards are as following: Pay more attention on the work done by the loaned staff while in audit engagement. Do not assign any audit responsibility to the task that is performed by that loaned staff. Remove
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NATURE OF OPERATIONAL AUDIT • Also known as management audits and performance audits. • Conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and/or efficiency of operations. • Examinations of all or part of an entity to determine the degree of its operational efficiency‚ effectiveness and economy. • Also refers to the auditor’s study of business operations for the purpose of making recommendations about economic and efficient use of resource‚ effective achievement of business objectives
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THE RELATIONSHIP OF RISK ASSESSMENTS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO DETECTED MISSTATEMENTS Lizabeth A. Austen Assistant Professor University of Arkansas Aasmund Eilifsen Associate Professor Institute of Accounting‚ Auditing and Law Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration William F. Messier‚ Jr. Deloitte & Touche Professor Georgia State University Professor II Institute of Accounting‚ Auditing and Law Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration Preliminary Draft:
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Audit Planning Memorandum for Database Environment Date | 02/04/2013 | To | Audit Senior Management | School Board | Temple University | Prepared By | Shan Jiang | ------------------------------------------------- Background Types of RDBMS: MySQL 5.0 - an open-source database used extensively in small or medium-sized web applications. One of the simplest databases to secure from hacking because of the small attack surface it exposes Number of DB servers: 3 Business units rely
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Weaknesses in an Internal Audit Control System by Osmond Vitez‚ Demand Media An internal audit control system is a common safeguard found in business today. This safeguard is broken down into two parts: internal audits and internal controls. Internal audits are informal reviews by the business owner or employees. They provide information on internal operations in employee performance. Internal controls represent the specific policies the business owner‚ manager and employees must follow in the
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t THE NIGHT AUDIT I- Functions of the Night Audit: ( The major functions of the night audit is to: • Verify posted entries to guest and non-guest accounts • Balance all front office accounts • Resolve room status and rate discrepancies • Monitor guest credit limits • Produce operational and managerial reports 1. The role of the night audit: ( The night audit requires attention to accounting detail‚ procedural controls‚ and guest credit restrictions. In this sense‚ the night auditor
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Brief Overview of Limited Liability Companies Introduction Limited Liability Company (LLC) is often considered as the hybrids of general partnership and corporation. It often referred as a general partnership where the partners have no personal liability and a limited partnership where there is no general partner or a partnership surrounded by a corporate shell (Seipel‚ Tunnell & Zimmermann‚ 1995). The LLC is first adopted in Wyoming in 1977 and then in Florida in 1982. However‚ LLCs
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