objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organisation’s operations. It helps an organisation accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic‚ disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management‚ control‚ and governance processes. Internal auditing is executed by an internal auditor. He is regarded as part and parcel of the organisation since his/her appointment is usually effected and influenced by the organisation’s management
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Indeterminate Liability Liability is indeterminate only when the number of claims or the size of the claims cannot be realistically calculated. Therefore‚ indeterminacy depends upon what the defendant knew or ought to have known regarding the number of claimants and the nature of their likely claims. Hence‚ liability will not be imposed if it may lead to liability in an indeterminate time to an indeterminate class. In assessing indeterminacy in this case‚ 23andMe is a genome-testing organisation
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Proposal Energy Audit: An energy audit is an inspection‚ survey and analysis of energy‚ flows for energy conservation in a building‚ process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s). Energy audit identifies opportunities for financial savings by elimination of wasteful use of electricity‚ coal and fuel oil‚ without affecting the process or quality of product. Need for Energy Audit: It has been established that Energy
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[This Article appeared in the American Scientist (Nov-Dec 1990)‚ Volume 78‚ 550-558. Retyped and posted with permission.] The Science of Scientific Writing If the reader is to grasp what the writer means‚ the writer must understand what the reader needs George D. Gopen and Judith A. Swan* *George D. Gopen is associate professor of English and Director of Writing Programs at Duke University. He holds a Ph.D. in English from Harvard University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. Judith A. Swan
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mentioned in the case study above‚ Kellogg is going through a challenging time. Perform an external audit on Kellogg. Discuss the opportunities and threats facing the company. Answer Perform an external audit on Kellogg‚ will gain the team with better understanding of the firm industry‚ competitors and markets. It should involve as many managers and employees as possible. Before perform the audit‚ Kellogg must try to gather as much as possible on competitive intelligence and information about
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AUTOMATED ACCOUNTING Automated accounting is an approach to maintaining up-to-date accounting records with the use of accounting software. This software is often configured to allow for easy cross posting of receivable and payable‚ eliminating the need to enter multiple posting in order to keep accounting record in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles. Accounting as it exists today may be viewed as a system of assumptions‚ doctrines‚ tenets‚ and conventions‚ all encompassed
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CHAPTER 4 Legal Liability Of CPAs Review Questions 4-1 There are several reasons why the potential legal liability of CPAs for professional "malpractice" exceeds that of physicians and other professionals. One reason is the vast number of people who may sustain damages. If a physician or attorney commits a serious error‚ the number of injured parties generally is limited to one individual patient or client. When a CPA’s report is in error‚ literally millions of investors
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“CREDIT RISK” STUDENTS * LUQUE CHUQUIMBALQUI‚ ALEXANDRA * ALARCON CASTAÑEDA‚ KRISLEY LIMA 2013 Index Introduction……………………………………………………………….………………..4 Executive summary…………………………………………………………………………5 1.-Management of credit risk……………………………………………………………….6 1.1.-Definition of credit risk………………………………………………………...6 1.2.-Elements of credit risk………………………………………………………….7 1.3.- Importance of credit risk………………………………………….……………9 1.4.- Credit Risk Committe……………………………………………………...…10 1.5. -
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Approach to the Future Audit. AICPA White Paper‚ 2012. Couch v United States 409 U.S. 322 (1973). Page‚ Stephen Butler. Achieving 100% Compliance of Policies and Procedures. Mansfield‚ OH: Policies and Procedures‚ 2000. Print. Pavel‚ Tobia and Encontro‚ Mylene. The Enron Scandal. Turney‚ Peter and Watne‚ Donald. Auditing EDP Systems. Pearson South Africa‚ 2002. Print. United States v Arthur Young & Co 465 U.S. 805 (1984). Wallace‚ Wanda (2005). ‘The Economic Role of the Audit in Free and Regulated
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Auditing procedures: Five assertions: 1. Occurrence: Define: transactions and events that have been recorded have occurred and pertain to the entity. Explain: sales and purchases shown in the income statement belong to the company and are real‚ that is they actually took place. 2. Completeness: Define: all transactions and events that should have been recorded have been recorded. Explain: all the individual transactions making up the balances in the income statement are recorded; no sales
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