Understanding Financial Objectives Financial Aims: the broad‚ general goals of the finance and accounting function or department within an organisation. Financial Objectives: the specific‚ focused targets of the finance and accounting department within an organisation. Financial Strategies: long-term or medium term plans‚ devised at senior management level‚ and designed to achieve the firm’s financial objectives. Financial Tactics: short-term financial measures adopted to meet the needs of
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Introduction: Ciba-Geigy founded in 1750s has come to many changes in their business strategy from case-by-case decisively to be one of proactive planning for the future with corporate portfolio planning which allowed Ciba to decentralise into diversified businesses. At their latest reorganization‚ Ciba had five categories: Development‚ Growth‚ Pillar‚ Niche and Core allocated from 14 divisions with 33 sub-business units. Each division in each category has separate responsibility to the whole
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money (to the nearest whole dollar) will she need to earn today to buy the bag for $400 one year from now? (Answer: $377) 3.- Jeff has $1‚000 that he invests in a safe financial instrument expected to return 3% annually. Marge has $500 and invests in a more risky venture that is expected to return 7% annually. Who has more after 20 years? And how much does he/she have in FV terms? (Answer: Marge; $1‚935) 4‚- Don has just received a cash gift of $50‚000 from his rich eccentric uncle. He wants to
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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EXPECTATIONS OF RETURNS AND EXPECTED RETURNS Robin Greenwood Andrei Shleifer Working Paper 18686 http://www.nber.org/papers/w18686 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge‚ MA 02138 January 2013 We thank Yueran Ma for outstanding research assistance and Josh Coval‚ Jared Dourdeville‚ Sam Hanson‚ Owen Lamont‚ Stefan Nagel‚ Joshua Schwartzstein‚ Adi Sunderam‚ Annette Vissing-Jorgensen‚ Jessica Wachter‚ Fan Zhang and seminar participants
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the expected return (ANN 0.007488‚ TLS -0.004441)‚ standard deviation (ANN 0.076531‚ TLS 0.053729)‚ as well as beta (ANN 0.64‚ TLS 0.31). And then one year (2009) daily data to determine portfolio expected return in using CAPM method. With MV method‚ based on the justification and limitation‚ this report have not choose a optimize portfolio but only choose the portfolio number 29 with the smallest risk. However‚ under CAPM model‚ in evaluating the combination of its expected return and the beta‚
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policy. We begin by providing semi-quantitative predictions for the value of an extra dollar of cash depending upon the likely use of that dollar‚ and derive a set of intuitive hypotheses to test empirically. By examining the variation in excess stock returns over the fiscal year‚ we find that the marginal value of cash declines with larger cash holdings‚ higher leverage‚ better access to capital markets‚ and as firms choose greater cash distribution via dividends rather than repurchases. WHAT VALUE
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The earlier analysis proved that Alpha’s return of assets (on a before-tax basis) significantly lower compared to Gamma. This is because Alpha does not have sufficient pure profit. This was also due to lower operating profit margin which tells us that Alpha is not generating sufficient return. To help Alpha‚ the possible solution to advise to Alpha is to identify the non-performing assets in the balance sheet and to study the financial statements to identify specific assets or groups of assets that
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Return on Investment Analysis for E-business Projects Mark Jeffery‚ Northwestern University Introduction The Information Paradox Review of Basic Finance The Time Value of Money ROI‚ Internal Rate of Return (IRR)‚ and Payback Period Calculating ROI for an E-business Project Base Case Incorporating the E-business Project Incremental Cash Flows and IRR Uncertainty‚ Risk‚ and ROI Uncertainty Sensitivity Analysis 1 2 4 4 6 6 7 8 10 11 11 11 Project and Technology Risks Monte Carlo Analysis Applied to
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part that can be eliminated by diversification . 2.What is preferred stock? Stock with dividend priority over common stock‚ normally with a fixed dividend rate‚sometime without voting rights. 3.What is risk premium? The excess return required from an investment in a risky asset over that required from an risk-free investment. 4.What is principle of diversification? Spreading an investment across a number of asset will eliminate some‚ but not all‚of the risk. 5.What is systematic risk? A risk
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Examining Stock Returns for Normal Distributions July11‚ 2012 Part A. A1 (CRSP 2000-2008) | VW Daily | EW Daily | VW Monthly | EW Monthly | Mean | 0.00% | 0.05% | -0.12% | 0.50% | σ | 1.35% | 1.12% | 4.66% | 6.14% | Table A1 shows return means and standard deviations for the CRSP market portfolio from 2000-2008. In comparing daily vs monthly returns in both cases‚ equally weighted (EW) and value weighted (VW)‚ Table A1 shows the mean and standard deviation are
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