Pg. 287 #1‚3‚4 1. Describe the structure of a nucleotide. A nucleotide is a sugar molecule that has 3 parts including a simple sugar‚ a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides join together forming long chains‚ with the phosphate group of nucleotide bonding to the deoxyribose sugar of an adjacent nucleotide. 3. Explain why the structure of a DNA molecule is often described as a zipper. The structure of a DNA molecule is often described as a zipper because it is made of tow chains
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Amino Acids Amino acids are biologically organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic acid functional groups‚ usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The elements that are key of an amino acid are carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ and nitrogen. There are about 500 different kinds of amino acids found but we recognize 23 of the amino acids that are known‚ they are classified into three groups‚ essential semi-essential‚ and non-essential. Each amino acid has unique characteristics
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“Every aspet of an organism is determined or influenced by the genes of the organism” What genes are‚ what they do‚ how they interact with eachother and the enviroment to generate a phenotype. Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins or RNA molecules. These genes are the genetic material that is passed down from generation to generation in all species. The individual DNA segments each individual carries are known as their alleles or genotype. When two alleles are identical they are homozygous
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Polymers of nucleotides Informational DNA vs RNA Nucleotides 5C sugar – ribose or deoxyribose nitrogenous base Purine: adenine‚ guanine Pyrimidine: cytosine‚ cytosine thymine thymine‚ uracil Sugar + base = nucleoside Up to 3 phosphate groups nucleotide Several different roles in cell... Fig. 4.12 BIO 1140 – SLIDE 6 H (deoxyribose) Purple pages F29-30 Nucleic acids Polymers of nucleotides Informational DNA vs RNA Nucleotides 5C sugar – ribose or deoxyribose
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primary structure of a polypeptide? mRNA tRNA hnRNA rRNA all of these 3. The nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA is adenine cytosine guanine uracil thymine 4. Transcription occurs on the surface of the ribosome is the final process in the assembly of a protein is the synthesis of any type of RNA from a DNA template
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spontaneous on/off element by a single promoter‚ which is dependent on the DNA binding protein araC. This protein is at the binding site for RNA polymerase at the beginning of the operon‚ so when arabinose is present (like in one of the experimental plates)‚ it is taken up by bacteria and interacts with araC to cause a conformational change. This change ultimately helps RNA polymerase bind and transcribe the GFP gene. After translation‚ the green fluorescent protein and beta-lactamase are produced‚ which
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following best describes a structural gene? (*) a sequence of DNA that specifies a polypeptide. (2) a sequence of DNA that produces tRNA’s. (3) a sequence of DNA that interacts with the small ribosomal subunit. (4) a sequence of DNA that is recognized by RNA polymerase. (5) a sequence of DNA that is involved in forming the structure of a double helix molecule. 3. Identify the correct sequence of steps in protein synthesis in prokaryotes: A - binding of large ribosomal subunit to initiation complex B - peptide
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Nucleic acids‚ DNA and RNA‚ are very important molecules in living organisms. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) are involved in the synthesis of proteins. For each of the statements (a) to (f )‚ put a cross correct statement. in the box that corresponds to the (a) DNA and RNA are polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides joined by (1) A catabolic reactions B condensation reactions C hydrolysis reactions D redox reactions (b) The mononucleotides of RNA consist of a phosphate
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DNA – RNA Notes The sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is called ribose. -RNA is a single strand of nucleotides. DNA is made of two strands of nucleotides. -DNA is a double helix with hydrogen bonds linking the nitrogen bases. RNA is a linear strand with no hydrogen bonds. -The bases of DNA are: Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Cytosine‚ and Guanine. The bases of RNA are: Adenine‚ Uracil‚ Cytosine‚ and Guanine. -RNA does not have Thymine‚ and DNA does not have Uracil. -In DNA
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CHAPT 1 - The scientific method allows the solving of problems and answering of questions. Observations Proposing ideas Testing the ideas Discarding or modifying ideas based on results Hypothesis: proposed explanation for a set of observations Hypotheses needs to be: Testable – it must be possible to examine the hypothesis through observations Falsifiable – it must be able to potentially be proven false Both logical and creative influences are used to develop a hypothesis A hypothesis
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