decades have seen criticisms of budgeting techniques as management cost controlling systems. We have seen many writers mention about the widespread dissatisfaction with the bureaucratic exercise in cost-cutting that budgeting is accused of having become. Budgets are accused of being out of touch with the needs of the modern business and said of taking too long‚ costing too much and encouraging all sorts of perverse behaviour. However‚ it is generally accepted that budgeting is a necessary evil‚ and that
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David Shim Case Study #2 A) What is the break-even point in passengers and revenues per month? Unit CM = $160 – $70= $90 Unit of Sales = 3‚150‚000 / $90= 35‚000 passengers Unit of Sales = 35‚000 x $160= $5‚600‚000 revenue B) What is the break-even point in number of passenger train cars per month? Unit of Sales = 35‚000/63= 555.5= 556 passenger cars C) If Springfield Express raises its average passenger fare
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Question 1 Product costs are costs that are associated with manufactured goods until the time period during which products are sold. It involved all costs in acquiring or making a product. These costs consist of direct materials‚ direct labour and manufacturing overhead. Product costs are initially assigned to an inventory account on the balance sheet. When the goods are sold‚ the costs are released from inventory as expenses and matched against sales revenue. Since product costs are initially
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CHAPTER 10 QUIZ 1. A mixed cost function has a constant component of $20‚000. If the total cost is $60‚000 and the independent variable has the value 200‚ what is the value of the slope coefficient? a. $200 b. $400 c. $600 d. $40‚000 2. [CMA Adapted] Of the following methods‚ the one that would not be appropriate for analyzing how a specific cost behaves is a. the scattergraph method. b. the industrial engineering approach. c. linear programming. d. statistical regression analysis.
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E -11 DM 5 DL 4 VMO 3 FMO = 180‚000/50‚000 = 3.6 Total = 15.6 15.6 * 5‚000 (50‚000-45000) = 78‚000 E-12 DM 5 DL 4 VMO 3 Cost per unit = 12 $ EIV = 12 * 5000 = 60‚000 E-13 Difference 3.6 * 5000 = 18‚000 And 78‚000 – 60‚000 = 18‚000 E-14 CGS sold = 45000(sold) * 15.60 = 702‚000 E15 12 * 45000 = 540‚000 E16 Sales = 30 * 45‚000 = 1‚350‚000 CGS 702‚000 CM 648‚000 Less S & admin. 160‚000 Net income 488‚000 E17 Sales =
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Exercise 2-2 | | |Product |Period Cost | | | |(Inventoriable) Cost | | |1. |Depreciation on salespersons’ cars | |X | |2.
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Capital Budgeting Meaning – Capital budgeting (or investment appraisal) is the planning process used to determine whether an organization’s long term investments such as new machinery‚ replacement machinery‚ new plants‚ new products‚ and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm’s capitalization structure (debt‚ equity or retained earnings). It is the process of allocating resources for major capital‚ or investment‚ expenditures. One of the primary goals of
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Capital budgeting Capital budgeting describes the long-term longplanning for making and financing major long-term projects. long- CAPITAL BUDGETING 1. Identify potential investments. 2. Choose an investment. 3. Follow-up or “post audit.” Follow“post audit.” Net present value model Net present value model The net-present-value (NPV) method net-presentcomputes the present value of all expected future cash flows using a minimum desired rate of return. The minimum desired rate of
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Wht is sap system * SAP is a powerful tool that integrate multiple business processes and functions into one conprehensive system * SAP reduces lack of integration across business line which will raise the risk of duplication‚ mistakes and inconsistency data * SAP provide different approach than their competitors in market. Each piece (module like FI‚ MM‚ SD) can operate independently from all other software. And the key benefit of using this approach is that companies can implement
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3 : Literature Review in Capital Budgeting Studies 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Literature Review : Foreign Studies 3.3 Literature Review : Indian Studies 3.4 Conclusion 92 Chapter 3 : Literature Review in Capital Budgeting Studies 3.1 Introduction: A number of researchers in finance and accounting have examined corporate capital budgeting practices. Many of these articles survey corporate managers and report the frequency with which various evaluation methods‚ such
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