For our research‚ we found that SME product can’t compete with global or multinational product or brand. That why we conduct this research to know or investigate what are their (household) perception about SME product based on 4 factor which is brand‚ purchase intention‚ packaging and last but not least price. For instance‚ SME product that we choose is MUNIRAH and on the other hand we compare with well-known fruit juice for example PEEL FRESH juice. Although SME brand is cheaper than well-known
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SMEs‚ FDI and capital market imperfections Wouter De Maeseneire∗ Erasmus University Rotterdam‚ The Netherlands PO Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands Tel: +31 10 408 15 07 Fax: +31 10 408 91 65 email: demaeseneire@few.eur.nl Tine Claeys Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School Reep 1 9000 Ghent Belgium Tel: +32 9 2109773 Fax: +32 9 2109751 Email: tine.claeys@vlerick.be ABSTRACT This paper aims at exploring the problems experienced by SMEs in gaining access to debt and equity finance for FDI
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Approach to the Future Audit. AICPA White Paper‚ 2012. Couch v United States 409 U.S. 322 (1973). Page‚ Stephen Butler. Achieving 100% Compliance of Policies and Procedures. Mansfield‚ OH: Policies and Procedures‚ 2000. Print. Pavel‚ Tobia and Encontro‚ Mylene. The Enron Scandal. Turney‚ Peter and Watne‚ Donald. Auditing EDP Systems. Pearson South Africa‚ 2002. Print. United States v Arthur Young & Co 465 U.S. 805 (1984). Wallace‚ Wanda (2005). ‘The Economic Role of the Audit in Free and Regulated
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AUDIT PLANNING AND CONTROL 1.0 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter‚ readers should be able to understand: ! The general concept of audit strategy. ! The Importance of audit strategy as an effective plan for an audit. ! Internal control systems‚ evaluation and assessment. ! Audit documentation. ! Relationship with experts. ! Audit risks and its relative importance to audit. ! Components of audit risks. ! How to assess audit risks. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Auditing has developed over many years
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Sciences – Volume 21‚ Number 3 (2011) Dysfunctional Audit Behaviour: The Effect of Budget Emphasis Leadership Behaviour‚ and Effectiveness of Audit Review Halil Paino‚ Azlan Thani Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang‚ Malaysia E-mail: halil@pahang.uitm.edu.my Tel: +60193992676 Fax: +6094602245 Syed Iskandar Zulkarnain Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang‚ Malaysia Abstract Dysfunctional audit behaviour is an accepted problem‚ associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical
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INDEX 1. Role of Internal Audit 1 2. Introduction and Purpose of this Strategy 1 3. Acknowledgements 1 4. Audit Approach 2 5. Audit Working Procedures and Practices 3 The Audit Toolbox 3 Audit Reporting 5 6. Internal Audit Assistance in UWCN Risk Management 5 7. Fee-Earning Work 5 8. Links To Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and Other Bodies 6 9. Staffing 6 10. Operational Plan 2001/02 7 11. Strategic Plan 2002/05 10 12. Annex A Key Risks 21 13. Annex B - Audit Universe 29 14
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internal analysis The Cs: Culture‚ Capabilities and Composition * Culture: auditing values‚ belief and attitude Management will conduct culture audits to determine how far the quality of the employee’s working environment. One common way is by using an employee survey. From the employee survey‚ company can obtain variety of things ranging from environmental problems that exist in the organization to provide feedback to management. * Capabilities: people as strategic resources Core capabilities
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support the particular figure or disclosure in the financial statements. A scope limitation is usually imposed by circumstances and sometimes imposed by the reporting entity. In both cases‚ the auditor is prevented from carrying out a particular audit procedure that is considered necessary to obtain evidence that reasonably can be expected to be available. Inherent uncertainties about the outcome of future events do not arise from‚ or give rise to‚ a limitation on the auditor’s work since it
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4.0 Definition of SME An SME is defined as‚ “A firm managed in a personalized way by its owners or partners‚ which has only a small share of its market and is not sufficiently large to have access to the stock exchange for raising capital”. SMEs ordinarily have few accesses to formal channels of finance and depend primarily upon savings of their owners‚ their families & friends. Consequently‚ most SMEs are sole proprietorships & partnerships. As with all definitions
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Introduction: Statement of problem: AppolloIspat Complex Limited incorporated the incorrect financial statements for the year ended on June 30‚ 2011 with the Prospectus‚ which do not give a true and fair view of the state of the company’s affairs. For this unfair practice AppolloIspat Complex Limited and ICB Capital Management Limited have been punished. Objectives of study: This report is based on study purpose and the objective of the report is to gather knowledge about
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