composition of the substrate which has the highest cellulose pellicle yield was using the ratio of CSL medium to coconut water at was 4:1(v/v). To the above medium‚ supplements consisted of sucrose (5%)‚ corn steep liquor (4%)‚ and ammonium acetate (3.75%). In fact‚ 7% sucrose gave the best yield; followed by 5% sucrose but the contribution of adding 7% sucrose is lower than that of 5%. The pH of medium was adjusted to initial pH 4.0‚ and incubated at 30℃ for 10 days; highest yield of cellulose pellicle
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and Economic Development Swapnil S. Bagmar 06HS2004 Development Economics term paper (Spring 2007-08) International trade International trade is the exchange of goods and services across international boundaries or territories. In most countries‚ it represents a significant share of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of history‚ its economic‚ social
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ECONOMIES OF SCALE Economies of scale are an important aspect of efficiency in production .Economies of can henceforth be define as ‘the reduction in average costs of production‚ that occur as a firm increases in size’. As businesses grow and their outputs increases‚they commonly benefit from a reduction in average costs of production.Total costs will increase with the increase in output‚but the cost of producing each unit falls as output increases .The reduction
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Economies of scale The long run – increases in scale A firm’s efficiency is affected by its size. Large firms are often more efficient than small ones because they can gain from economies of scale‚ but firms can become too large and suffer from diseconomies of scale. As a firm expands its scale of operations‚ it is said to move into its long run. The benefits arising from expansion depend upon the effect of expansion on productive efficiency‚ which can be assessed by looking at changes in average
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The Medium is the Message There are many things that fill our heads other than our own thoughts in today’s society. Things like social networking sites keep people all over the world updated on the latest fashion trends and technology. While things like ad’s and billboards spread advertisements as far the eye can see. The media is everywhere‚ and it has a great influence on our lives. As said by Marshall McLuhan‚ “Our conventional response to all media‚ namely that is how they are used that counts
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Introduction The essay below defines the process of communication and its mediums‚ outlines the main types of mediums‚ and describes why it is important to carefully choose the right way of communication when trying to deliver a message to recipients. Communication and its mediums. Communication is a very important aspect of everyday life. From the time we are born we are involved in this process. It’s one of the very first skills we learn in life‚ it’s something we do every day‚ and still the
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Current Economic State What is now being called the Great Recession lasted from December 2007- June 2009‚ it is the longest recession since the Great Depression. Statistically‚ the current expansion has not been good with major issues circling around weak residential and commercial real estate markets and a high unemployment rate. The current economy in the United States is expanding slowly. Although the economy has grown‚ it is not growing fast enough to sustain the unemployment rate in America
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The economic inequality that exists in the United States is a big problem even though many Americans might not think of it as much. Economic inequality has been identified because of the large gap between the rich and the poor people in the United States. It can also be seen in the large gap of the wages of the workers all over the country. According to studies‚ the country has recently reached its highest rate of economic inequality in the year 2014 compared to the previous years data
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State of Play in the Economics Discipline Economics is in disarray. Few would deny it. Some of the signs are obvious. Other evidence is more controversial. One of the fundamental causes is an ethical failure (Alvey‚ 2011). First‚ economists claim to be scientists or technicians who study ‘facts’‚ not values; they make ‘scientific’ studies and predictions. Yet economists failed to predict the Global Financial Crisis. For example‚ the top of the tree of public sector economists in the United
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Abstract Strong economies compete on the basis of high value‚ not solely low cost. Yet in the United States‚ growing economic disparity hinders the nation’s ability to provide the high-value-added products and services necessary to compete in a global marketplace. The economic problems associated with unequal growth – stagnant wage growth and depressed market demand – in turn exacerbate social problems‚ such as crime‚ drug abuse‚ gangs‚ reliance on transfer payments‚ and family break-ups. The most
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