mangrove trees must withstand being submerged twice a day by saltwater tides. The soil in which these trees grow in maybe sand but it is mostly rich mud. This rich mud is high in nutrients but low in oxygen. Mangroves have these aerial and salt filtering roots and salt excreting leaves that help them occupy the fluctuating wetlands. Salinity‚ temperature and oxygen are all abiotic factors used to help with the growth of this ecosystem. Salinity is a measurement of the amount of salt in the water. To
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("breathing roots")‚ and a marked tendency to germinate their seeds on the tree. These features have consequently enabled mangroves to dominate the muddy coasts‚ leaving few competitors and only a small percentage of non-mangroves surviving in the harsh conditions‚ - most of the non-mangroves‚ as you will find‚ being part of the myrtle family. Because of salt water and oxygen-deficient soil‚ many mangrove trees have roots growing above the ground. The names of these roots are: prop roots‚ buttress
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PLANT BODY Two Categories of Plant cells: 1.) Meristematic cells – embryonic‚ undifferentiated and capable of cell division • Apical meristem – located at root and shoot ends • Lateral meristem – run parallel to the long axis of roots and stems – where somatic cells undergo mitosis 2.) Differentiated/Permanent Cells – specialized in structure and usually do not divide • Simple Permanent Tissue – dermal tissue system and ground tissue system › Dermal tissue system – outer surfaces of
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| 110 | 2.95 | Standing live | 0.02795 | 1118 | 29.94 | Roots | 0.06265 | 2506 | 67.11 | Standing dead | 0 | 0 | 0 | Crowns | 0 | 0 | 0 | Total | 0.09335 | 3734 | 100 | Table: Data of biomass in grassland convert value to kg ha-1 From the TABLE‚ it shows that root or below-ground biomass in grassland is greater than biomass of above-ground of litter and standing live which is in total on 32.89 per cent if compare to roots biomass about 67.11 per cent. Graph: Graph show the differentiation
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daughter nuclei during division of cells Adaptations In charophyceans- layer of sporopollenin prevents exposed zygotes from drying out Allows plants to live further from water Derived Traits of Plants (5) 1. Apical meristems (elongate shoots and roots through primary growth) 2. Alternation of generations (multicellular diploid sporophyte-meiosis-haploid spores-divide mitotically-multicellular haploid gametophyte) a. Fertilization of haploid gametes=diploid zygote b. Diploid zygote=sporophyte generation
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randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The result showed that the plants have no treatment of salinity were better in growth due to proper uptake of water. Control plants were better in growth‚ water and physiological related attributes. The root growth is decreased as the quantity of Na2SO4 was increased and the shoot growth increased by increase in quantity of Na2SO4. Sodium sulphate was insignificantly affected on plant growth‚ osmotic potential and physiological attributes of chili.
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| |favourable environment | | | | | |To know that tropisms are responses to directional stimuli than can maintain the roots and | | | | | |shoots of flowering plants in a favourable environment | | | | | |To know that in flowering
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Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation 1. Rhizobium - Legume Symbiosis Many leguminous plant species can enter into a symbiotic relationship with root-nodule bacteria‚ collectively referred to as rhizobia. The legumes belong to the order Fabales‚ family Leguminosae (alternatively Fabaceae)‚ in eurosid clade I (Doyle and Luckow 2003). Traditionally‚ three main subfamilies are distinguished: Caesalpinoidae‚ Mimosoidae and Papilionidae. Only one nonlegume‚ the woody plant Parasponia sp.‚ can be nodulated
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direction. Different parts of a plant exhibit different reactions to light. Stems exhibit positive phototropism while most roots exhibit negative phototropism. Geotropism is the growth response of a plant in response to gravity. Roots exhibit positive geotropism while stems and leaves exhibit negative geotropism. Hydrotropism is the growth response of a plant to water. Roots exhibit positive hydrotropism. Thigmotropism is the growth response of a plant to physical contact (touch). Plants that
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2. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Rose of China‚ China Rose‚ Shoe Black Plant. The species of hibiscus which seems to have the greatest number of variants is Hibiscus rosa sinensis. These plants appear to have innumerable variations in colour and shape in both single and double forms‚ due to the interest in these plants by early hibiscus fanciers who hybridised Hibiscus rosa-sinensis with other compatible species. Ross Gast in his Genetic History of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis traces the early movement
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