Experimenter Expectancy Effect On Children in a Classroom Setting Rosenthal and Jacobson (1966) sought to test the experimenter expectancy effect by examining how much of an outcome teachers’ expectancies could have on a group of children. Earlier investigations in this area were also conducted by Rosenthal (1963). He worked with children in a research lab‚ giving each one a rat and telling them it was either bred for intelligence or for dullness. The children were put in charge of teaching
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Assess the view that social class differences in educational achievement are the result of school processes such as labeling. (20 marks) Labelling refers to meanings or definitions we attach to someone or something to make sense of them and these could be negative or positive labels. For example‚ in schools teachers are likely to label middle-class pupils as bright and more able to achieve in education whereas‚ they would see working class pupils as less able. Teacher labels can affect a pupil’s
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The authors examine overt and subtle forms of stereotyping and prejudice. Two theories that explain overt prejudice are reviewed: realistic conflict theory and social identity theory. Although overt prejudice seems to have declined‚ subtle stereotyping is still pervasive. The authors review one theory‚ aversive racism theory‚ that explains this phenomenon. They also discuss two perspectives‚ attributional ambiguity and stereotype threat‚ which provide accounts of the impact of subtle racism
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teacher expectations affect students both in their social behaviour and learning in the classroom. Rosenthal in his research found that when teachers thought students were destined for success‚ they became successful. He further argued that expectations teachers have for students can positively and negatively affect how they interact with students. According to Schunk (2008)‚ Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) in their research chose several random elementary school students and told the teachers that these
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3.1 Teacher Expectancy Effect When we discuss about the interactionist (or symbolic interactionist) view in the context of educational institutions‚ teacher expectancy effect would be one of the major areas affecting the growth and improvement of students both in academically and in extra-curricular‚ mentally and physically. In other words‚ teacher expectancy effect is something that ties closely to the social development of the students as a whole. Teacher expectancy effect is defined as “the
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Do Expectations Affect Student Achievement? Tashina Linder Cape Fear Community College Abstract This paper provides an overview of the effects of expectations on student achievement. It begins with a brief introduction covering Jacobson and Rosenthal’s Pygmalion Effect. Then‚ it introduces expectations from three sources – teachers‚ parents‚ and students. The paper discusses how high or low expectations from teachers affect student learning‚ noting the differences in outcomes for each.
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References: J. Sterling Livingston in the September/October‚ (1988) Harvard Business Review George Bernard Shaw‚ (1912) Play‚ Pygmalion Robert Rosenthal & Lenore Jacobson (1968) Pygmalion in the classroom New York: Holt‚ Rinehart & Winston
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How psychological research has helped in the understanding of criminal behaviour Bandura (1961) - Bobo doll experiment - Albert Bandura created the bobo doll experiment in 1961‚ the aim of this experiment was to show that if children where witnesses to aggressive displays by an adult of some sort they would imitate this behaviour when given an opportunity. The tested group contained 36 young girls and 36 young boys all aged between 4 and 5 years which was then divided into 3 groups of 24 – the
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Labelling in schools can arguably affect educational achievement‚ this essay will be the assessing the effects of labelling such as the “ideal pupil” and how they help or hinder the children. Labelling is attaching a meaning of definition to define someone‚ the labels that you give someone are often based on social class‚ appearance and speech just to name a few. In item A it states that “teachers judged pupils according to how well they fitted an image of the “ideal pupil”” this is fitting to what
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Motivational Processes Affecting Learning Carol S. Dweek University of Illinois ABSTRACT: Motivational processes influence a child’s acquisition‚ transfer‚ and use of knowledge and skills‚ yet educationally relevant conceptions of motivation have been elusive. Using recent research within the social-cognitive framework‚ Dweck describes adaptive and maladaptive motivational patterns and presents a research-based model of motivational processes. This model shows how the particular goals children
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