NEW MICROBIOLOGICA‚ 36‚ 211-227‚ 2013 Chikungunya virus infection: an overview Claudia Caglioti‚ Eleonora Lalle‚ Concetta Castilletti‚ Fabrizio Carletti‚ Maria Rosaria Capobianchi‚ Licia Bordi Laboratory of Virology‚ “L. Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases‚ Rome‚ Italy SUMMARY Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family‚ first isolated in Tanzania in 1952. The main vectors are mosquitoes from the Aedes species. Recently
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Rabies virus‚ like many rhabdoviruses‚ does have extremely wide host range. In the wild it has been found infecting many mammalian species‚ while in the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected‚ as well as cell cultures from mammals‚ birds‚ reptiles and insects (Carter and Saunders 175). The rabies virus is an enveloped virus in the Rhabdoviridae family with a cylindrical morphology. The structure of this virus is unique. It is a rod or bullet shaped‚ single-stranded‚ genome with negative-sense
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The H1N1 virus (swine influenza) is a novel infection that has not earlier been known in North America. It has recently‚ however‚ infected a number of people in the United States and Mexico. Swine flu is actually a respiratory virus of pigs which was first identified in 1918 and although historic diffusion to human beings has been sporadic‚ the infection rate in humans is intensifying at present (Barnes‚ 2008). The H1N1 virus‚ just like seasonal influenza‚ is simply spread by the minute drops
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These tissues contain cells that are useful in fighting infection. Inflammation of the tonsils can be caused by many contagious bacteria or viruses‚ including strains of streptococcus bacteria‚ adenovirus‚ influenza virus‚ Epstein-Barr virus‚ enterovirus‚ and the herpes simplex virus. One of the most frequent causes of tonsillitis is group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS)‚ which is also the cause of strep throat; it is responsible for 30% of childhood tonsillitis and 10% of adult cases
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Thesis University of Applied Sciences Furtwangen‚ Germany Faculty of Computer Science - Computer Networking Server-based Virus-protection On Unix/Linux by Rainer Link Advisor: Advisor: Finished: Public Release: Prof. Hannelore Frank Prof. Dr. Rainer Mueller May‚ 28 2003 August‚ 2003 Preface Abstract Evaluation and development of server-based anti-virus solutions‚ running on Linux/Unix‚ using the Internet Content Adaption Protocol (ICAP). The diploma thesis covers proof-of-concept
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from person to person through close physical contact or direct contact with infected bodily secretions. “Measles is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family” ("Measles‚" 2013). Paramyxoviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that infect respiratory cells. If an infected individual coughs or sneezes they expel mucous membrane cells within their secretions. The virus stays active and therefore contagious for up to 2 hours in the air and on surfaces. People can contract the illness by touching
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graphics on the desktop are a mirror image of what they should be. Congratulations‚ you have a computer virus! According to "Virus Bulletin‚" the Oxfordshire‚ England-based technical journal that tracks viruses‚ this new virus flips any uncompressed bitmaps horizontally‚ but only on Saturdays. This bulletin credits GriYo of the 29A virus-writing group as the author of this 32-bit polymorphic Windows virus now known as HPS (Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome). Panda Software of Spain has announced that it
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of anti-virus applications. The current status of microcomputer viruses will also be discussed‚ naming the most common types of viruses and the most harmful type at this present point in time. Details of the most recent outbreaks of computer viruses‚ such as the "Melissa"‚ "I Love You" and the most recent "Anna Kournikova" viruses will be explained‚ and why they are so harmful. I will also give you my recommendations on how to combat this threat of computer viruses‚ what Anti-virus Applications
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How an Antivirus Program Works http://www.net-security.org/article.php?id=485&p=3 {draw:frame} The information is in the ’Source system’ and must reach the ’Destination system’. The source system could be a floppy disk and the destination system could be the hard disk of a computer‚ or the origin an ISP in which a message is stored and the destination‚ the Windows communication system in the client machine‚ Winsock. The information interpretation system varies depending on whether
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The Ebola virus‚ also know as Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by viruses from four different families of viruses: 1)filoviruses‚ 2)arenavirus‚ 3)flavavirus‚ 4)bunyaviruses. The usual host for most of these viruses are rodents or anthropoids (such as ticks and mosquitoes). In some cases‚ such as the Ebola virus‚ the natural host for the virus is unknown. All forms of viral hemorrhagic fever begin with a fever and muscle aches. Depending on the particular virus‚ the disease
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