trade and handicrafts on the caravan routes to Europe and East Asia‚ When it was captured by the Russians in 1865‚ it was a walled city of some 70‚000 inhabitants and already a leading centre of trade with Russia. In 1867 it was made the administrative centre of the new governorate-general of Turkistan‚ and a new European city grew up beside the old native one. Soviet rule was established by Russian colonists in November 1917 after an armed uprising. Tashkent remained the capital of the new republic
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Russian Absolutism From the middle of the sixteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century three rulers stand out‚ remaining significantly more influential than other rulers of the period of Russian history. During the two hundred and fifty year period Russia witnessed three enlightened rulers‚ Ivan IV‚ Peter I‚ and Catherine II. Yet their enlightened dispositions were merely facades to hide ulterior motives of gaining more absolute power. They primarily sought to increase their power on
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borrowings……………………………………………………….8 1.3. Classification of borrowings according to the borrowed aspect and degree of assimilation…………………………………………………………………………...12 1.4. The borrowing process as the reflection of cultural contacts …………………...14 2 Analysis of Russian borrowings based on the examples from monolingual dictionaries of American and British English. 2.1. Similarities and differences in lexicographic description……………………….19 2.2. Contrasting Dictionary Entries: etymology‚ spelling‚ definition and lexical
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dictatorship of the government. The GULAG‚ which is called “Correction By Forced Labor”‚ became a cheap labor force formed by prisoners. The economic system needs were responsible for GULAG formation that possessed both punitive and economic functions for Russian industry. The use of GULAG cheap physical labor in remote areas of the country made a significant contribution to the industry. Initiated by Lenin shortly after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 the GULAG expanded widely during Stalin’s era
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Russian literature: History Overview Russian literature has long been a cultural focus of the entire world. It’s not surprising that the formation of Russia’s first literary traditions goes back to the first century. The adoption of Christianity boosted the development of literacy‚ philosophy and theological literature. The earliest literary works were not written in the Russian language but in Old Church Slavonic which was developed in the 9th century by Greek missionaries Cyril and Methodius
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Russian culture has a long history. “In fact early Russia was not exactly ‘Russia‚’ but a collection of cities that gradually coalesced into an empire. In the early part of the ninth century‚ a Scandanavian people known as the Varangians and their leader Rurik invested in one of these first cities‚ Novgorod. Rurik’s successor‚ Oleg extended the power of the city southward and established Kievan Rus‚ which is now Ukraine” (Ancient). Russians are known to be very proud of their country and traditions
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) Russian Cuisine To my mind‚ delicious food is one of the greatest pleasures in our life. Russian cuisine is original food. Russian people usually have meals three times a day. In the morning they have breakfast‚ in the afternoon — dinner and in the evening it’s time for supper. Let us start with breakfast. This meal doesn’t usually take much time to prepare‚ due to the fact that people‚ as a rule‚ are in a hurry for work‚ school or somewhere else. It may include just sandwiches‚ fried or
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RUSSIA - CULTURE - EDUCATION 1. Russian children begin school when they are 6 years old. Elementary school consists of the first 4 grades‚ middle school consists of 5 grades and high school is 2 grades. It is only required that children attend the first 9 grades. After that a child can go to work or do work/study. If a child wants to go to the University‚ however‚ he or she must complete all 11 grades. There are approximately 25-30 students in each class. All students learn at least one foreign
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In 1917 the most important Russian Revolution event occurred; this milestone was the emancipation of women; when women ’s oppression was overcome. This was the first time the complete economic‚ political and sexual equality of women was put on the historic agenda. The main priority was not only to defend women rights but to also defend human rights and liberties. They also wanted to support family as a community not only from the public but also from the government. The equality of family rights
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Russian Roulette In October of 1962 over 80 million American’s lives were at risk. American President‚ John F. Kennedy‚ stepped up to the plate and proved that peace through strength is the best strategy in the situation at hand. Kennedy handled the extremely intense situation in 1962 with his transformational leadership skills‚ along with the powerful and attentive delegation process he used‚ and furthermore his expertise decision making abilities. Transformational leadership styles focus
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