overview Topic: “Cognitive Maps” Course: Knowledge Engineering Author: Marina Borovkova Group: FM.1 Saint-Petersburg 2011 Table of contents Introduction 3 Definition of Cognitive Mapping 4 History and Use of the Term 4 The Process of Cognitive Mapping 6 Different Types of Cognitive Map and Mapping Techniques 7 Cognitive mapping techniques 8 Causal mapping. 8 Semantic mapping 9 Concept mapping 10 Application of cognitive techniques and maps 11 Conclusion 13 Introduction
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Ryanair and Virgin Atlantic Both of them are recent creations in airline transport business‚ they started life in competition with major national flag carrier airlines and grew to be major challengers to these established companies. Virgin Atlantic’s air transport business originated in the long-haul‚ mainly transatlantic market which might be highly profitable but is also extremely competitive. It attracts passengers by offering a superior experience and is firmly positioned at the quality
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International Strategic Management Coursework 2011/12 Case study analysis: Ryanair – the low fares airline: wither now? Executive Summary The purpose of this paper is to use analysis of the airline industry and of Ryanair to highlight the firms’ successes thus far. It also considers the sustainability of the current strategy by viewing the future of the firm and its competitors. Using Porter’s five forces‚ the VRIO framework and the SWOT analysis it gains intimate information on the factors
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Planimetric Map. A planimetric map presents only the horizontal positions for the features represented. It is distinguished from a topographic map by the omission of relief‚ normally represented by contour lines. Sometimes‚ it is called a line map. Topographic Map. A topographic map portrays terrain features in a measurable way‚ as well as the horizontal positions of the features represented. The vertical positions‚ or relief‚ are normally represented by contour lines on military topographic maps. On maps
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“Cartographers have strongly emphasised the visible‚ the tangible‚ the static‚ the physical and the historical values over the invisible‚ intangible‚ dynamic‚ human and futurist aspects of the world.” Cartographers have long ago developed maps for understanding the complexity of our environment. Whether it started for war or general education‚ cartography has developed over time in an astonishing way. While analysing the quote ‘Cartographers have strongly emphasised the visible‚ the tangible
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Map Projections A way of representing the earth’s curved surface on a flat surface of map is known as map projections. A globe represents the most accurate position‚ place of different things present on earth but a globe is not practical for many of the functions for which we require a flat map. Map projections help us to represent most of the earth’s surface at a wide variety of scales‚ on a flat‚ easily transportable surface. A globe is the true representation of distance‚ direction‚ area‚
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Perceptual maps are used by companies to observe how they stand up to their competition through the eyes of the consumer. By giving a snapshot of what the consumer is thinking‚ perceptual maps help companies compare attributes such as price‚ design‚ and quality of a particular product. The quantity of attributes used in perceptual maps can be endless but usually only four attributes are used depending on the product. It is absolutely vital for companies to choose the correct attributes on the grid
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perceptual maps that show consumer perceptions of their brand versus competing brands on attributes that are important to the consumer‚ whether functional or symbolic. Perceptual Maps are useful for these key reasons: Assessing strengths and weaknesses relative to competing brands along certain criteria important to the customer. This is revealed by the positions of the marketer’s brand and competing brands along the axes. Identification of competitive advantage for the brand Perceptual maps show
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Medical Surgical CONCEPT MAP [pic] ----------------------- DISEASE Asthma ASSESSMENT FINDINGS: Signs & Symptoms -Asthma is illustrated by outbursts of shortness of breath‚ wheezing‚ and coughing and the production of thick‚ tenacious sputum. -Only as the attack begins to subside can the client expectorate large quantities of thick‚ stringy mucus. The skin is usually pale. -During a severe attack‚ the nurse may observe cyanosis of the client’s lips and nail beds. Definition/Pathophysiology/Etiology
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Macro-environment PESTEL Analysis: Political and legal factors Political issues are very relevant in the airline industry which has been and still is under political influence. This is particularly true in the European Union where Ryanair primarily operates. A recent liberalization act came under the form of the EU-US Open Skies Agreement‚ signed in 2007and which entered into effect on March the 30th 2008‚ which gives the right to US based airlines to operate intra-EU flights‚ while European
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