concentration ratios are used to determine total market shares within four specific industries. I will also discuss the levels of competition within those industries and how oligopolies can benefit society. Case‚ Fare‚ and Oster defines concentration ratio as the share of industry output in sales or employment accounted for by the top firms (2009). They are used to measure the total output produced by a certain number of firms within an industry. Four-firm concentration ratios are used
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Profitability Ratios A class of financial metrics that are used to assess a business’s ability to generate earnings as compared to its expenses and other relevant costs incurred during a specific period of time. For most of these ratios‚ having a higher value relative to a competitor’s ratio or the same ratio from a previous period is indicative that the company is doing well. Gross Profit Margin A financial metric used to assess a firm’s financial health by revealing the proportion of
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Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is one of the techniques of financial analysis where ratios are used as a yardstick for evaluating the financial condition and performance of a firm. Analysis and interpretation of various accounting ratios gives skilled and experienced analyst a better understanding of the financial condition and performance of the firm than what he could have obtained only through a perusal of financial statements. Types of ratio’s 1. Profitability ratio 2. Leverage ratio
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DETERMINING RATIO DECIDENDI – EFFICACY OF WAMBAUGH’S TEST I. INTRODUCTION Judicial precedents are an important sources of law. They are the former judgements of the superior courts which the judges in common law countries are bound to follow. This bindingness of previous decisions on the lower courts is partly due to high status which the judges enjoyed in England and also partly because of the importance of the issues which they decided. Judicial decisions were given a high authority as
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 MANAGERIAL FINANCE: 3 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS: 3 RATIO ANALYSIS: 3 FAUJI CEMENT BALANCE SHEET AND PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT 4 RATIO ANALYSIS: 9 INTRODUCTION MANAGERIAL FINANCE: • Managerial finance is concerned with the duties of the financial manager in the business firm. • The financial manager actively manages the financial affairs of any type of business‚ whether private or public‚ large or small‚ profit-seeking or not-for-profit
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ANALYSIS FOR INSIDERS RATIOS 1. Manufacturing Cost per Unit The ratio demonstrated that how much Polycon is spending in producing one unit. It helps business owners determine when they’ll turn a profit and helps them price their products with that in mind. It provides a dynamic overview of the relationships among revenues‚ costs and profits As little as company incurs on producing one unit‚ it will goes to the company’s goodwill. In order to review the ratio under consideration‚ it has been
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Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure two aspects of a corporation’s profits: (1) those elements of operations that contribute to profit and (2) the relationship of profit to total investment and investment by stockholders. The first group of profitability ratios [gross profit (or gross margin) percentage‚ operating margin percentage‚ and net profit margin percentage] expresses income statement elements as percentages of net sales. The second group of profitability ratios (return on assets
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PROBLEMS 1. The following three one year “discount” loans are available to you: Loan A: $120‚000 at a 7 percent discount rate Loan B: $110‚000 at a 6 percent discount rate Loan C: $130‚000 at a 6.5 percent discount rate a. Determine the dollar amount of interest you would pay on each loan and indicate the amount of net proceeds each loan would provide. Which loan would provide you with the most upfront money when the loan takes place? Loan A: 120‚000 – 8400 = 111‚600. Loan
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1. Current Ratio- the current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities. In the data from 2002 in Appendix D the current assets equal $104‚296.00 and the current liabilities equal $139‚017.00 the current ratio equals 0.75. 2. Long –term solvency ratio- the formula used for long term solvency is total assets divided by total liabilities. In the data provided the total assets equal $391‚270.00 and the total liabilities equal $310‚246.00 making the long-term solvency ratio equal 1.26
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| 2 | 4.1 Vertical analysis 4.2 Horizontal analysis | 23 | 4. Key ratios analysis | 4 | 5. Share issues | 5 | 6. Conclusion | 5 | 7. Bibliography | 6 | Table of Appendixes 1. Income statement – Horizontal and vertical analysis | 2. Statement of financial position – Horizontal and vertical analysis | 3. Ratio analysis - Liquidity and Profitability | 4. Ratio analysis – Efficiency and Investment | 5. FTSE 100 Index – weekly share prices
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