MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE SEVERE ASTHMA Dr DHANNURAM MANDAVI INTRODUCTION Asthma is a chronic lung disease with airway obstruction‚ airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity to various stimuli‚ often reversible with bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1)Extrinsic cause(IgE mediated/allergens) 2)intrinsic cause (non IgE mediated/Infection) Allergens leads to a) Early Reaction within 10 min Due to histamine; leukotriene- C;D;E ;PAF & bradykinin Mucosal edema; bronchoconstriction
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Targets can be divided into four categories… Ion Channels Their modulation by drugs is very important mechanism by which pharmacological actions are produced . 1. Voltage gated Na2+ channels ( local anesthetic) 2. Calcium channels ( Ca2+ channel blockers) 3. K+ channels ( in pancreatic β-cells) Enzymes * Many enzymes are targets for drugs * Drug molecules can act as competitive inhibitor of the enzyme e.g. neostigmine acting
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University of Perpetual Help System – DALTA Alabang – Zapote Road‚ Pamplona‚ Las Piñas City College of Nursing A Case Study of Bronchial Asthma In Acute Exacerbation (BAIAE) Submitted by: Angela Marie Ferrer BSN 3B July 17‚ 2012 Definition A condition of the lungs characterized by widespread narrowing of the airways due to spasm of the smooth muscle‚ edema of the mucosa‚ and the presence of mucus in the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles. Bronchial asthma is a chronic relapsing inflammatory
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PHARMACOTHERAPY DEFINITION USE OF DRUGS IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES. Treating disease through the administration of drugs. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS 1. based on how they are dispensed 2. based on where they are derived CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS 3. based on their name a. chemical name b. generic name c. brand name CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS 4. based on dosage forms 5. based on routes of administration
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Mary was delivered in a military hospital. There was no prenatal checkup done until eight months into gestation at a local health center. Her mother was not able to breastfeed and so Mary was given formula milk. At four months old Mary initially experienced occasional non-productive cough‚ no colds‚ fever or difficulty of breathing. One week prior to hospitalization‚ she went to a local health center and was prescribed‚ an antitussive oral suspension of 0.5ml Ambroxol‚ three times a day. Four
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Nursing Care Plan Problem: Impaired Ventilation | Assessment |Nursing Diagnosis |Planning |Intervention |Rationale |Evaluation | |Subjective: |Impaired spontaneous ventilation |Within 8hrs of nursing |Independent: | |
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Bronchial asthma (BA) - is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cells are involved‚ and cell components. Chronic inflammation leads to the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing‚ shortness of breath‚ feeling of fullness in the chest and cough‚ especially at night or early in the morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable in their severity of airway obstruction in the lungs‚ which is often reversible
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mechanical causes by suction. ET suctioning followed by deepening anaesthetic planes with inhalational anaesthetics‚ nebulization with beta 2 agonist and sub cut adrenaline. Drugs used in the Management of persistent wheezing (a) Beta-2 agonists – salbutamol through breathing circuit– 1 puff=100mcg‚ nebulised 0.5% solution (5mg/ml) diluted 0.5ml in 4ml or undiluted. (b) Adrenaline 1-2 mcg/kg IV – ask the surgeon to infiltrate quickly (c) Corticosteroids – methyl prednisolone 0.5 -1mg/kg‚ hydrocortisone
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* These drugs may be: a) Agonists: * Drugs have the affinity to bind with their specific receptors and Mimic (produce an action similar to the action of) the endogenous regulatory substance are called agonists. * Example: * salbutamol which is used in the treatment of bronchial asthma acts by binding to beta adrenergic receptors located on the smooth muscle of the lung producing bronchodilatation. b) Antagonists: * Drugs that bind to the receptors without producing effects
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Bronchiolitis in Infants and Small Children Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Nursing Bronchiolitis in Infants and Small Children Introduction A common illness of the respiratory tract within infants and children under two is bronchiolitis. This illness causes inflammation in the bronchioles. Hospitalization is often required because small children and infants have smaller airways that become easily blocked. Children who become affected develop cough‚ wheeze and shortness
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