Bioresource Technology 79 (2001) 207±225 Review paper The production of poly-(c-glutamic acid) from microorganisms and its various applications Ing-Lung Shih *‚ Yi-Tsong Van Department of Environmental Engineering‚ Da-Yeh University‚ 112 Shan-Jiau Road‚ Da-Tsuen‚ Chang-Hwa 51505‚ Taiwan‚ ROC Accepted 9 April 2001 Abstract This review article deals with the chemistry and biosynthesis of poly-(c-glutamic acid) (c-PGA) produced by various strains of Bacillus. Potential applications of c-PGA as
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EXPERIMENT 2 ACID DISSOCIATION CONSTANT OF AN INDICATOR DYE OBJECTIVES Using spectrophotometric method: determine the wavelengths at which the acid and base forms of the dye in aqueous medium exhibit maximum absorption; determine the molar absorptivities of the acid and base forms of the dye and estimate an unknown concentration of the dye in solution using the Beer-Lambert’s Law; and determine the acid dissociation constant of the indicator dye. THEORY The absorption or reflection of
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Acid Rain and its Effects On Our Aquatic Ecosystems In the past century‚ one of the greatest threats to North America ’s aquatic ecosystem has been the widespread acidification of hundreds of thousands of waterways. Acid rain has effected plant and animal life within aquatic ecosystems‚ as well as microbiologic activity by affecting the rates of decomposition and the accumulation of organic matter. What causes this poisonous rain‚ and what can be done to improve North America ’s water quality
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14.1 The Nature of Acid and Bases * Acid-Base Theories * Arrhenius- Acid is a hydrogen producer and a base is a hydroxide producer * Bronsted-Lowry- Acid is a proton donor and a base a proton acceptor * Lewis- An acid is an electron pair acceptor‚ and I base is an electron pair donor * Conjugate base & acids * Ka= [products]/[reactants] * Acid dissociation constant * 14.2 Acid Strength * In a strong acid dissociate almost
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Citric acid cycle From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search [pic] [pic] Overview of the citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle — also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)‚ the Krebs cycle‚ or the Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle‚ [1][2] — is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions‚ which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In eukaryotic cells‚ the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion
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was to learn how to use salicylic acid to make aspirin. Aspirin is the most widely used over-the-counter drug in the world. The average tablet contains about 325 milligrams of acetylsalicylic acid with an inert binding material such as starch. Aspirin is used to relieve pain‚ reduce inflammation‚ and lower fever. Aspirin originally was derived by boiling the bark of the white willow tree. Although the salicin in willow bark has analgesic properties‚ purified salicylic acid was bitter and irritating
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was the reaction from the sulfate anion test between Sodium Sulfate and Barium Chloride. If the compound was in fact Sodium Sulfate it would produce a white precipitate and it did. The second reaction was first between Sodium Sulfate and Hydrochloric Acid‚ and then Silver Nitrate was added. For the compound to be confirmed‚ a white precipitate should form again‚ and it did. The next reaction started with the combination of Sodium Sulfate and Ammonia Hydroxide and
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4/2/14 Period: 1st Chemistry Sour Acids and Bitter Bases Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to observe the different reactions formed between various acids and bases with the aid of indicators. Equipment: 1. Safety goggles. 2. Droppers. 3. Red Litmus paper. 4. Blue Litmus paper. 5. pH paper. 6. Well plate. 7. Micro spatula. Materials: 1. Zinc. 2. Magnesium. 3. Iron. 4. Copper. 5. HCL. 6. HC₂H₃O₂. 7. NaOH. 8. Phenolphthalein. Procedure: Part A: 1. Add five drops
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acetic acid present in commercial vinegar and the weight-to-volume percent of ammonia present in window cleaners. Acid-base titrations can be conducted using the above samples against standardized aqueous NaOH and standardized aqueous HCl solutions respectively. 2. Introduction: Acetic acid‚ commonly known as ethanoic acid CH3COOH‚ is found in commercial vinegar. It is a weak organic acid that gives vinegar its characteristic pungent smell‚ sour taste and slight acidity. Being an acid‚ vinegar
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UNKNOWN WEAK ACID BY TITRIMETRY INTRODUCTION Acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions and bases are substances that accept hydrogen ions. Acids and bases react with each other by transferring hydrogen ions. One way to distinguish an acid is by its equivalent mass‚ which is the number of grams of the acid needed to transfer one mole of hydrogen ion to a base. For a monoprotic acid‚ which only transfers one hydrogen ion‚ its equivalent mass equals its molar mass. For a diprotic acid‚ which transfers
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