Digestion a. The mouth: salivary alpha enzyme chew food‚ perceive taste‚ moisten food with saliva‚ lubricate food with mucus‚ release starch –digesting (amylase) enzymes‚ initiate swallowing reflex - Enzyme: alpha amylase with cooked starch as substrate – starch digestion enzyme an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugar - The Functions of Saliva - 1. Moistens and lubricates food‚ permitting swallowing 2. Holds taste producing substances in solution and bring them in
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Mechanical digestions starts from the intake of food into the mouth and when the food is chewed and while the food is broken down until it becomes small to be swallowed. Then the food goes down as a food bolus into the esophagus after the food is broken down. The food bolus passes through the alimentary canal through peristaltic movements. Peristaltic movements is a systematic series of muscle contractions and relaxation which involves the passage of food bolus through the esophagus‚ stomach‚ small
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Regulated by CNS. Deglutition Mixing/Churning Peristalsis- movement of muscles within GI tract that facilitates movement of food Chemical- Hydrolysis (using H2O) of macromolecules into monomers (residues) carried out by digestive enzymes produced by salivary glands‚ stomach‚ pancreas‚ & small intestine. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Monosaccharides Proteins Polypeptides & Amino Acids Fats Monoglycerides‚ glycerol & fatty acids nucleic acids nucleotides 4. Absorption- uptake of nutrients
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tongue‚ gallbladder‚ salivary glands‚ liver‚ spleen 5. Name two synonyms for the alimentary canal. Gastrointestinal Tract (GI) or GUT 6. List the organs that compose the alimentary canal and identify each on a diagram. Alimentary canal consists of the mouth‚ pharynx‚ esophagus‚ stomach‚ small intestine‚ and large intestine. 7. List the digestive accessory organs and identify each on a diagram. Teeth‚ tongue‚ gallbladder‚ and a number of large digestive glands - the salivary glands‚ liver and pancreas
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for glycogen are the: (Points : 1) | Muscles and liver. kidney and muscles. liver and kidney. liver and pancreas. | 2. (TCO 2) Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth? (Points : 1) | Lactase Maltase Pancreatic amylase Salivary amylase | 3. (TCO 2) After a meal‚ which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body’s cells? (Points : 1) | Glucagon Estrogen CCK Insulin | 4. (TCO 1) What is the major monosaccharide found in the body? (Points : 1)
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-When food arrives in the stomach‚ it is reduced to fragments. This step is made possible by the contraction of the muscle of the stomach‚ the muscularis. Composed of three layers of fibers arranged longitudinally‚ circular and oblique‚ it mixes and kneads the food. Then begins the chemical digestion. Only the digestion of proteins begins in the stomach. The mucosa contains glands that secrete gastric juices. Under normal conditions‚ the production of juices is 2 to 3 L per day. Hydrochloric acid
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an energy source (starch is the main source of human calories)‚ a flavouring (simple sugars are usually sweet) and as a functional ingredient (sucrose allows ice cream to be soft in the freezer; xanthan gum thickens a low-fat salad dressing). Carbohydrates are a type of macronutrient found in many foods and beverages. Most carbohydrates are naturally occurring in plant-based foods‚ such as grains. Food manufacturers also add carbohydrates to processed foods in the form of starch or added sugar. As
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Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions in the body of a cell or organism to keep it alive. Metabolism converts the nutrients from the food we eat in to vital energy which the body needs to carry out daily activities. The respiratory system‚ cardiovascular system and the digestive system are the three body systems that are involved with energy metabolism. There are two kinds of activities involved with metabolism processes‚ these are; building up of body tissues and energy stores and the
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Ingestion‚ which occurs in the mouth‚ is the first step of the digestive process. After food enters the mouth‚ the teeth chew it. Saliva‚ which is produced by the salivary glands‚ plays a major role in breaking down the food into smaller pieces‚ such food particles‚ like Starch‚ which is digested by amylase. A large amount of saliva is amylase based‚ it is in fact‚ the first enzyme that comes into contact with your food/substrate during the process of digestion. Once the food has been chewed it turns
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Enzymes and Their Importance in Plants and Animals Enzymes are large proteins that are responsible for catalysing thousands of metabolic processes that sustain life. Enzymes work similarly to those catalysts used in industry by lowering activation energy and therefore dramatically speeding up the rate of a reaction‚ however‚ these biological catalysts are highly selective to their substrate. Almost every chemical reaction that occurs in a cell requires enzymes in order to occur at rates required
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