Enzymes are catalytic proteins that selectively speed up chemical reactions without by consumed by the reaction itself (1). Enzyme activity is significantly affected by factors such as temperature‚ substrate concentration‚ enzyme concentration and pH. Enzymes are highly specific and only catalyse one specific chemical reaction‚ speeding up the reaction by lowering the activation energy‚ the energy required to start a chemical reaction (2). At high temperatures and with various mechanical forces or
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If the temperature is increased‚ the molecules will gain kinetic energy allowing them to move a lot more frequently. Enzymes begin a reaction when they randomly collide with the substrate molecule‚ this is where the enzyme will react upon. The speed and frequency of these collisions is dependent on the temperature‚ so an increase in temperature will effectively increase the rate of reaction and allow more products to be made. Consequently‚ an increase in the temperature will make the vibrational
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“Enzyme X is a highly pigmented protein that imparts the characteristic color to certain blue-green algae. It also facilitates a reaction necessary to the survival of this species; we can follow the kinetics of this reaction by measuring the conversion of Substance X to Substance Y at various times during purification.” Techniques and methodologies for extracting the proteins and purifying Enzyme X are as follows: The blue-green tinted proteins in Enzyme X give a distinct color to algae. The proteins
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on Enzyme Activity Rate Abstract The reaction rate of an enzyme can be affected by many factors‚ and the purpose of this experiment was to find out how an increasing substrate concentration influences the rate of an enzyme activity; we obtained data from recording the absorbance of the samples which contain the same amount of potato juice (enzyme oxidase) and different amount of catechol (substrate) while holding pH and temperature constant. Our findings illustrate that the rate of enzyme activity
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Environment Can Effect Enzymes Introduction: In a chemical reaction there sometimes can be a catalyst present known as an enzyme. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy required to start the reaction. By lowering the activation energy‚ more of the substrate is able to participate in the reaction‚ speeding it up. Enzymes are substrate specific. The substrate is what the enzyme bonds to. That is to say that enzyme A will only react with
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on the reaction rate of an enzyme IB biology Internal Assessment 3/23/12 Research Question: Effect of changes in substrate concentration amount on the reaction rate of an enzyme Introduction: In this experiment‚ the substrate is hydrogen peroxide. The purpose of this investigation is to find out the relationship between the substrate concentration and the rate of reaction. Substrates are molecules that are acted upon by enzymes. For instance‚ amylase‚ an enzyme found in saliva‚ helps break
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on rate of an enzyme reaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower a reactions activation energy making possible many of the reactions needed for life to exist. Enzymes have a high specificity which have been explained by many theories such as Fischer’s lock and key. Currently the most widely accepted theory is the induced fit hypothesis proposed by Koshland in 1958. This hypothesis solves some of the problems with the Lock and key theory and helps to explain why enzymes only catalyze
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/ˈrɛnɨt/) is a complex of enzymes produced in any mammalian stomach‚ and is often used in the production of cheese. Rennet contains many enzymes‚ including a proteolytic enzyme (protease) that coagulates the milk‚ causing it to separate into solids (curds) and liquid (whey). They are also very important in the stomach of young mammals as they digest their mothers ’ milk. The active enzyme in rennet is called chymosin or rennin (EC 3.4.23.4) but there are also other important enzymes in it‚ e.g.‚ pepsin
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protease enzyme on exposed developed film Plan Aim: The aim of the experiment is to find out what effect temperature has on the action of a protease enzyme on exposed developed film. Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are made in livings things built up by amino acids to make protein. Enzymes are able to speed up reactions and can repeat reactions. There are various factors that affect the activity of enzymes they are: "Y Temperature "Y pH "Y Specificity "Y Concentration of enzyme or substrate
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During the process of helicase breaking the hydrogen bonds between the two strands of the double helix structure of DNA where it forms a replication fork‚ Gyrase releases the tension in the strands by relieving twist at swivel points. The enzyme RNA polymerase (or primase) makes a piece of a RNA which is called a primer) against to the exposed DNA. Then DNA polymerase causes free nucleotides (from digested food) to bond to the exposed DNA bases adjacent to the primer and so form a new side
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