Prepared by: Ms. Ana Antoniette C. Illahi 1 Conduction • conduction (or heat conduction) is the transfer of thermal energy between regions of matter due to a temperature gradient. Heat spontaneously flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature‚ and reduces temperature differences over time‚ approaching thermal equilibrium. Prepared by: Ms. Ana Antoniette C. Illahi 2 (Heat Current in Conduction) • • • • • • • • H - Heat Current dQ – Quantity of Heat
Free Heat transfer Heat Temperature
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS CHAPTER 6: FLUID‚ ELECTROLYTE‚ AND ACID-BASE IMBALANCES Fluid Imbalance Review of Fluid Imbalance -Water carries nutrients into cells and removes wastes‚ transports enzymes in digestive secretions‚ and moves blood cells around the body. Fluid Compartments -Approximatley 60% of an adult’s body weight consists of water -Infant’s body weight is about 70% -Fluid is distributed between the intracellular compartment (ICF)‚ or fluid inside the
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outer protective layer of the heart. * Myocardium - muscular middle layer wall of the heart. * Endocardium - inner layer of the heart that is continuous with the inner lining of blood * Cardiac Conduction * Cardiac conduction is the rate at which the heart conducts electrical impulses. Cardiac muscle cells contract spontaneously and are coordinated by nodal tissue‚ specifically the sinoatrial node. There are other factors that influence heart rate as well. These include endocrine hormones
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D. DRUG STUDY Drug | Dosage‚ Frequency and Route | Action | Classification | Indication | Contraindication | Adverse Effects | Nursing Responsibilities | Generic Name:Hyoscine-N-butylbromideBrand Name:Buscopan | 1 amp q2 IV | * Hyoscine works by relaxing the muscle that is found in the walls of the stomach‚ intestines‚ bowel‚ bile duct and urinary tract. * Hyoscine stops the spasms in the smooth muscle by preventing acetylcholine from acting on the muscle. * hyoscine reduces the muscle
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BIOLOGY 2113 Unit IV Review Guide Chapters 13-17 Chapter 13 – True or False 1. The nervous system consists of the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and nerves. 2. The afferent nervous system consists of all outgoing motor pathways. 4. Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue. 5. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the CNS. 6. Nerve fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called myelinated fibers
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The Tired Swimmer Case Two BIO: 201-104 November 11‚ 2010 Part I: Meet Annie 1. What vital signs or symptoms does Annie exhibit? a. Blurred vision and eye strain b. Hands ache and feel weak c. Gasping for air d. Weakness & Constant fatigue 2. Can you see any common features in Annie’s signs and symptoms? With blurred vision and eyestrain we must look at the optic nerve within the brain. From there‚ what could be causing the difficulty breathing and weakness
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Thermal Conductivity Heat can be transferred in three different ways: convection‚ radiation and conduction. Conduction is the way heat is transferred in a solid‚ and therefore is the way it is transferred in a heat sink. Conduction occurs when two objects with different temperatures come into contact with one another. At the point where the two objects meet‚ the faster moving molecules of the warmer object crash into the slower moving molecules of the cooler object. When this happens‚ the faster
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ckingmotherCoordination by Neural Signaling 26.1 Invertebrates reflect an evolutionary trend toward bilateral symmetry and cephalization * Invertebrate Nervous Organization * In simple animals‚ such as sponges‚ the most common observable response is closure of the osculum (central opening) * Hydras (cnidarians) have a nerve net that is composed of neurons * Planarians‚ (flatworms) have a ladderlike nervous system * In annelids (earthworm)‚ arthropods (crab)‚ and
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hypoxia‚ and explain how they are related to the pathologic conditions of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. 17. Discuss what causes reperfusion damage. 18. Explain the significance of each component of the cardiac conduction system and trace how the cardiac impulse travels through the myocardium. 19. Name the common term for the sinoatrial (SA) node. 20. Discuss the physiological stages of cardiac muscle contraction and trace how they appear on graph plotting mV vs. time. 21. Explain
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maintain neuromuscular irritability for conduction of nerve impulses‚ regulation of acid-base balance (through sodium bicarbonate and sodium phosphate)‚ participation in cellular chemical reactions and membrane transport. * Potassium: K+ 3.5-5.0 mmol/L: Potassium maintains the osmotic balance of the ICF space. Potassium is the major intracellular electrolyte and contributes to many important cellular functions including the transmission of nerve impulses. As the predominant ICF ion‚ it exerts
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