In the 1900s the first electric hearing aid was invented by a viennese man named Dr. Frederick Alt. One hearing aid was the ear trumpet. Other inventions included snail-shaped with shells‚ wire spring ran over the top of the head. Many scientists developed hearing aids that the teeth to conduct sound. In the twentieth century hearing aids became smaller and more sophisticated. In the 1932‚ the Royal Residential School teachers wore microphone and each child wore hearing aids. Most schools forbidden
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Physiology Exercise 3 Activity 1 1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels. Your answer: By increasing the extrecellular K+ the net diffiusion of K+ out the neuron through the eak channels is reduced. This is caused by the flow of ions following the concentration gradient of traveling from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration. The higher concentration gradient would result in a reduced diffusions
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can never be stopped; it can only be slowed. Conduction Conduction is the transfer of heat by direct contact of particles of matter. The transfer of energy could be primarily by elastic impact as in fluids or by free electron diffusion as predominant in metals or phonon vibration as predominant in insulators. In other words‚ heat is transferred by conduction when adjacent atoms vibrate against one another‚ or as electrons move from atom to atom. Conduction is greater in solids‚ where atoms are in constant
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automatic cells of the cardiac conduction system can stimulate the heart to beat even when the heart is removed from the body. Spontaneous depolarization is possible in automatic cells b/c the membrane potential does not “rest” during phase 4. Instead it slowly creeps to ward threshold during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle. Because threshold is approached during diastole‚ phase 4 in automatic cells is called diastolic depolarization. The electrical impulse normally begins in the SA node
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communication and signaling * Neurocrene * 10 billion neurons in nervous system * Once they degenerate they don’t usually go REGENERATION Neuroglia * Nerve glue * Supportive cells * 10x greater of your neurons * Not involve in impulse transmission (they can influence synaptic transmission) * Sustain neuron both physically and metabolically * Includes * Microglia – scavengers; cell that removes debris and cellular product from damage cells * Oligodendrocytes
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temperature‚ are carried by A fibers. Motor impulses to skeletal muscles are also carried by A fibers. These types of impulses relay information about the external surroundings and how the body will respond to external stimuli. The speed with which these impulses are carried could reduce the incidence of injury to the body by allowing for a quick reaction to a stimulus. 3. Student answers will vary. Sample answer: Two factors that influence the speed with which an impulse is conducted are the diameter of the
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membrane and ossicles (3 tiny bones that are attached to the tympanic membrane which are malleus‚ incus and stapes) 3. inner ear – consists of oval window‚ semicircular ducts‚ cochlea and auditory tube HEARING – transduction of sound to neural impulses and its interpretation by the CNS HEARING LOSS – defect of any level from transduction of sound to the interpretation of sound NORMAL HEARING PHYSIOLOGY Conductive Pathway Neural Pathway Conductive Pathway (External auditory canal to cochlea)
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evolution‚ and the conscious development of cultural adaptations (Harrison et al.‚ 1988; Weiss and Mann‚ 1985). There are four avenues of heat loss: convection‚ conduction‚ radiation‚ and evaporation (Wikipedia‚ 2012). If skin temperature is greater than that of the surroundings‚ the body can lose heat by radiation and conduction. But if
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Moorpark College Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses Laboratory Homework 20 Points Total Name: ___________________________________ PRINT THE FOLLOWING PAGES AND PROVIDE A HANDWRITTEN ANSWER TO ALL QUESTIONS. Answer the question in the space provided for each question. 1. In the PHYSIO-EX 9.0 Activity 1‚ the simulation showed you how the resting membrane potential depends on the concentration of K+ and Na+ in the ECF. Some data were generated while measuring the resting membrane potential
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that neural impulses do not travel from neuron to neuron. What is the effect of ether on eliciting an AP?: no nerve response What is the effect of lidocaine on eliciting an AP?: Blocks sodium ion channels from opening‚ inhibiting AP. What is the equation for Fick’s First Law of Diffusion?: J = -DA△ｃ/△ｘ What is the key variable in an isometric contraction?: muscle length What is the relationship b/w size of a nerve and conduction velocity?: The larger the nerve‚ the faster the conduction velocity
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