BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Contents 1 Composition of the balance of payments sheet 1.1 Variations in the use of term "balance of payments" 1.2 The IMF definition 2 Imbalances 2.1 Causes of BOP imbalances 2.2 Reserve asset 2.3 Balance of payments crisis 3 Balancing mechanisms 3.1 Rebalancing by changing the exchange rate 3.2 Rebalancing by adjusting internal prices and demand 3.3 Rules based rebalancing mechanisms 4 History of balance of payments issues 4.1 Pre-1820: mercantilism 4.2 1820–1914:
Premium Balance of payments Bretton Woods system International economics
Avenue‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City 1101 Telephone 63-2-4261515 Email oasis@upou.edu.ph First edition‚ 1998 Relayout July 2007 Layout by Helen M. Creer Printed in the Philippines Preface Welcome to the distance mode offering of Computer Science G‚ Introduction to Management Information Systems. This text was written with the aim of introducing the concepts of Management Information Systems. Management Information Systems (MIS) is the application of information technology to organizational and
Premium Information systems Decision theory Management
Credit • BOP must be in equilibrium • Balance of payments in Pakistan • Causes of adverse balance of payments • Measures to correct BOP • Conclusion Introduction: Balance of payments refers to sum of both the balance of visible and invisible items. The balance of Payment is a comprehensive annualrecord of economic relation of a country with the rest of the world during a given period of time. A balance of payments (BOP) sheet is an accounting record of all monetary transactions
Premium International trade Balance of trade Export
Company Background World’s largest producer of selling biscuits brand by tonnage 40% share of total biscuit market in India Produced 650‚000 tons of biscuits/pa. Parle-G comprised of 500‚000 tons Sales INR 35 billion( 68% contributed by Parle G ) Parle products are perceived as “Good value for money” 4 P’s • Parle G • Hide n Seek • Monaco • Krack Jack • Price setter in Market • Seen as value for money Product Price Place • 95% sales in Indian Market • 8000 Distributors Promotion
Premium Marketing Price
G-Shock is a brand of watches manufactured by Casio‚ known for its resistance to shocks (e.g. hard knocks and strong vibrations). They were‚ and continue to be‚ designed primarily for sports‚ military‚ and outdoor adventure oriented activity; for example‚ practically all G-Shocks have some kind of stopwatch feature‚ countdown timer‚ light and water resistance. Recent models have become more luxury and design oriented as well as becoming very popular among youth. The first G-Shock was the DW-5000C
Premium
G-clamp A C-clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal workpiece‚ and are often used in‚ but are not limited to‚ carpentry and welding. These clamps are called "C" clamps because of their C shaped frame‚ but are otherwise often called G-clamps or G-cramps because including the screw part they are shaped like an uppercase letter G. Description C-clamps or G-clamps are typically made of steel or cast iron‚ though smaller clamps may be made of pot metal. At the top
Premium Screw Steel Typography
Parle-G Rural Marketing Presented by: Sujit Ranmale (P14045) Aniket Kalode (M14052) Kshitij Sarode (P14047) Introduction • Established: 1929 (Vile Parle‚ Mumbai) • Parle Products: 35% share of Indian biscuit market • Largest biscuit selling brand in the world (ref: Nielsen) • Famous brands: Parle-G‚ Parle-Monaco • Products – Biscuits – Sweet confectionery – Snacks Brand Milestones • G stands for Glucose‚ originally • After 1947: ad campaign as Gluco brand of biscuits and Indian alternative to
Premium Biscuit Retailing Marketing
brands like Parle G‚ Monaco‚ Hide & Seek‚ KrackJack‚ Melody‚ Fulltoss‚ Poppins‚ etc.6. Diverse product portfolio including biscuits‚ sweets and snacks7.Strong presence in rural markets8.Parle G is amongst the most sold biscuit brands in the world9.Variety of CSR activities like ‘My Green Planet’‚ ‘GoluGalata’‚ etc. | Weakness | 1.Similar products produced by many companies like marie‚ glucose biscuit‚ bourbon‚ sweet and salty crackers‚ cream biscuits‚ etc.2. Dependence on Parle G brand for most
Premium Brand management Brand Advertising
零售價和批發價應該訂在何水準? 2. 競爭者可能會有何反應? The main competitor of P&G has always been Colgate-Palmolive‚ which forces P&G to be number two in the Canadian market with its Downy fabric softener that obtain 12% market share. After the success of the introduction of Downy Enviro-Pak in the Europe‚ P&G’s 3 main competitors has also done the same by introduce refill versions of fabric softeners in the Europe. Canada is the next target market of P&G in trying to introduce the Downy Enviro-Pak to‚ with concerns
Premium Procter & Gamble Fabric softener Brand
If we imagine about one question In which sector our business is booming most the answer would be certainly the banks. Bank includes all financial institutions‚ one of those principle activities is to take deposits and borrow with the objectives of lending and investing and which are with in the scope of banking or similar legislation. Bank represents a significant and influential sector of business worldwide. Most individuals and organizations make use of banks‚ either as depositor or borrowers
Premium Balance sheet Asset Income statement