Key Elements of Erikson’s Theory"Erik Erikson believed that we develop in psychosocial stages versus psychosexual stages that Freud developed" (Santrock‚ 2008‚ p.23). "The word ’psychosocial’ was Erikson’s term that he derived from the words psychological meaning mind and social meaning relationship" (Chapman‚ 2007). Erikson was concerned with how personality and behavior is influenced after birth. Erikson stood strong on his belief concerning nurture and experience. The key element within Erikson’s
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This takes place from 12 to 18 months. During this stage babies explore objects through a trial and error process. This is where “infants become intrigued by the main properties of objects and by the many things they can make happen to objects” (Santrock 178). The final stage is the internalization of schemes. Piaget’s defines schemes as “mental representations that organize knowledge” (175). This happens at ages 18 to 24 months. They learn to use symbols or sensory images that represent an event
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perspective is ongoing and is not dominated by any one age period. Another characteristics of lifespan is that it is multidimensional‚ consisting of physical‚ cognitive‚ and social domains. Lifespan development is also multi-directional According to Santrock (1999)‚ multi-directional means‚ “that some aspects of development will increase‚ while others decrease.” The lifespan perspective also has a characteristics called plastic‚ Paul Bates who was a German psychologist whose broad scientific agenda was
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interview was conducted with a woman named Deloris Tamers regarding her daughter Olivia Tamers. Olivia tamers IQ score revealed that she has an IQ of 145. Gifted and creative individuals have their own distinctive features and characteristics. Santrock (2007)‚ describes gifted individuals as developing high intelligences and IQ’s of 130 and higher. They also demonstrate exceptional abilities that exceed the average individual (p. 313). Children classified as gifted may excel in one specific area
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behavioral teratology. The danger of structural defects caused by teratogens normally occurs earlier in the embryonic development rather than the fetal development‚ due to the fact it is the critical period for development of the nervous system (Santrock‚ Thirteenth Edition). The embryonic period is the period of prenatal development that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception. The rate of cell differentiation strengthens‚ support systems for cells cultivate‚ and organs appear. Damage
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either breast feeding or bottle feeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that for the first 6 months baby should be breastfed exclusively (DiSanto & DiSanto‚ 2012). The AAP also encourages mother to breast feed at least a year (Santrock‚ 2007). In some cases breast feeding is not the best option and bottle feeding is used instead. When a mother has the ability to breastfeed‚ it is strongly recommended. Results show that breast feeding has more health benefits than bottle feeding
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cognitive development" best explains the cognitive development both in infancy and early childhood. His theory is explained by a theory of cognitive organization called schemes. Schemes are the "actions or mental representations that organize knowledge" (Santrock‚ 2008‚ p. 94). According to his theory‚ schemes change with age; in other words‚ they are action-based (motor patterns) at first and then gradually change to a mental (thinking) level. There are several key terms that explain Piaget ’s process of
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Nutrition is important for an individual’s health and body. Although‚ nutrition is especially important for woman when they are pregnant. When a woman is pregnant‚ she is now not only just caring for her health‚ but also her fetus’s health. According to Santrock (2016)‚ “A developing embryo or fetus depends completely on its mother for nutrition‚ which comes from the blood" (p.57). When a woman is negligent of her health it can be harmful to the fetus. Nutrients and other small molecules from the mother’s
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believes in Forrest and wants him to be the best that he can be. During this stage of his life I thought of Erikson’s industry vs. inferiority concept. During that time children are supposed to work toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills. (Santrock‚ 2011 p23) The negative possibility of not mastering those skills would be that children would feel incompetent and unproductive. As Forrest Gump grows he still maintains his mental disability‚ but his athletic abilities have started to make a
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other hand Albert Bandura stressed on external influences. Both theories have credible contrasting as well as similar assumptions. A theory can be defined as‚ “A coherent set of ideas that helps to explain data and make predictions” (Santrock‚ 1989‚ p. 33). Santrock further explained that a theory makes assumptions that can be tested to determine their accuracy. Personality‚ according to the Oxford Dictionary from http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/personality is the combination of characteristics
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