SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS - AN OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION The outer space has always fascinated people on the earth and communication through space evolved as an offshoot of ideas for space travel. The earliest idea of using artificial satellites for communications is found in a science fiction Brick Moon by Edward Evert Hale‚ published in 1869-70. While the early fictional accounts of satellite and space communications bear little resemblance to the technology as it exists
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History of Satellite Communications The first idea of satellite communication came from an article in 1945 named Wireless World‚ where Author C. Clarke described the use of manned satellites in 24 hour orbits to distribute television programs. However‚ the first person to carefully evaluate the technical and financial aspects of such a venture was John R. Pierce of Bell Telephone Laboratories (Whalen‚ n.d.). In a 1954 speech and 1955 article‚ Pierce described the usefulness of a communications
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Satellite Telecommunications Network and Telecommunications Concepts 360 September 11‚ 2005 Table of Contents Introduction Satellite Communications History Sputnik Changed Everything America ’s Response Future Trends in Satellite Communications GEO vs. LEO Bent-Pipe Satellite Relay vs. the Switch in the Sky Companies Involved in Satellite Communications Regulatory Issues in Satellite Communications Global implications for the
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Satellite communication‚ in telecommunications‚ is the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications system. Approximately 2‚000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog and digital signals carrying voice‚ video‚ and data to and from one or many locations worldwide. Satellite communication has two main components: the ground segment‚ which consists of fixed or mobile
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Satellite Communication Engineering Michael O. Kolawole Jolade Pty. Ltd. Melbourne‚ Australia Marcel Dekker‚ Inc. TM New York • Basel Copyright © 2002 by Marcel Dekker‚ Inc. All Rights Reserved. ISBN: 0-8247-0777-X This book is printed on acid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker‚ Inc. 270 Madison Avenue‚ New York‚ NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4‚ Postfach 812‚ CH-4001 Basel‚ Switzerland tel: 41-61-261-8482; fax: 41-61-261-8896
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equatorial plane of the earth such that a satellite appears to hover over a fixed point on the equator. The period of revolution is equal to the period of rotation of the earth with respect to the stars‚ or 23 hours 56 minutes 4.1 seconds‚ and thus by Kepler’s third law the orbital radius is 42‚164 km. Taking into account the radius of the earth‚ the height of a satellite above the equator is 35‚786 km. Clarke observed that only three satellites would be required to provide communications
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History changed on October 4‚ 1957‚ when the former Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world’s first artificial satellite was about the size of a basketball‚ weighed only 183 pounds‚ and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political‚ military‚ technological‚ and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event‚ it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race. The story begins in 1952
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The Future of Satellite Internet: For many people throughout the world‚ the only way to get online is by using satellite internet service. This is because they live in regions where traditional cable or DSL lines are not there. This may be because of landscape or the fact that some homes and businesses are simply located too far into rural regions and it is not cost effect for traditional companies to run lines to only one or two clients. However‚ a satellite internet connection does not rely
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By October 1990‚ two newcomers‚ British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) and Sky Television‚ rivaled one another in an ugly battle to dominate British satellite television. In pursuit of a better market position‚ not only did both players invest a combined total of �25 billion‚ but also racked up losses at the combined rate of nearly � million per week. Rather than rationalizing and engaging in cooperative behavior to increase profits for the overall industry‚ this battle became the war of attrition
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Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle commonly known by its abbreviation PSLV‚ is an expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous orbits‚ a service that was‚ until the advent of the PSLV‚ commercially viable only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). The PSLV has launched 55 satellites / spacecrafts
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