ion permeability is vital to knowing how it establishes a membrane potential‚ and how it eventually leads to the contraction of muscle cells. This was done using crayfish tail muscles. Lateral and medial tail muscles from the tail of a crayfish were excised. These muscles were then placed into solutions with different types of ion concentrations. Usage of different ion concentrations was necessary in practicing how to measure resting membrane potentials accurately. Measurements with an electrode were
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Human Cell‚ protein production‚ cell organelles and the cell membrane. Structure and cell transport. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms (See figure 1). It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing (except virus‚ which consists only from DNA/RNA covered by protein and lipids)‚ and is often called the building block of life. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including most bacteria) or
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transport: membrane proteins use cellular energy (usually ATP) to move molecules or ions across a plasma membrane against their concentration gradient. Allele: different forms of a gene • genotype – the combination of alleles in an organism. Aquaporin: a specialised channel protein in the plasma membrane of a cell‚ which is selectively permeable to water. Attachment protein: a protein in the plasma membrane of a cell that attaches either to the cytoskeleton inside the cell‚ to other cells or to the
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takes place within the body through the cell membranes. Although these are freely passable to the diffusing molecules providing the barrier are thin. In the lungs there are two simple squamous epithelial cells which separates the dissolved gases in the alveoli from the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. No source of energy is required for diffusion of molecules. See diagram of diffusion below Some of the materials which diffuse through the cell membrane by a related process are known as facilitated
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Cell Structure and Function Study Guide A Key Concept Cells are the basic unit of life. Vocabulary Main Idea: Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. Match each scientist in the table with the statement listed below that describes what he did to help develop the cell theory. a. concluded that animals and‚ in fact‚ all living things are made of cells. b. was the first to identify cells and name them. c. proposed that all cells come from other cells. d. concluded that
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2007 AP Question 1 A) Three macromolecules that are very important components of the Cell Membrane of Eukaryotic organisms include molecules such as phospholipids‚ cholesterol and Glycoproteins all of which contribute to the continued functioning of the cell membrane. Phospholipids Structure: form the majority of the cell membrane‚ two layers of phospholipids combine to form the phospholipid bilayer‚ the phospholipids are made of two fatty acid tails attached to a phosphate head‚ the phosphate
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within a cell require a variety of subtances in order to carry out their functions. In turn‚ they form products; some useful and some not. Most of these substances must pass in and out of the cell. The movement of substances in and out of a cell through the cell membrane is termed as transport across the membrane. Although the thickness of the cell membrane is only 5-10nm‚ it is a physical barrier to the movement of ions and molecules. The cell membrane and other membranes within a cell are all
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* Topic 2: Cells * 2.1 Cell theory * 2.1.1 * Outline Cell Theory 1. All living organism are composed of cells 2. Cells come from pre-existing cells 3. Cells are the smallest unit of life * * 2.1.2 * Discuss the reasons for cell theory 1. When organism are looked at under a microscope‚ they are consistently made up of cells 2. Cells carry out asexual reproduction – called Mitosis 3. Cells are the smallest unit of organisms that can carry out all
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Assignment The human body is made up of 100 trillion cells. All cells have the same basic structure (see figure 1) however some cells are specialised to suit a specific purpose. An example of this is the pancreatic beta cells found in the islets of Langerhans. These cells are specialised to synthesise the protein insulin that is involved in the metabolism of glucose in the cells. (Layden‚ 2010) Figure 1 - Picture to show basic structure of a cell. (Farrabee‚ M J. 2007) But how is insulin made? The
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that pass the plasma membrane and after it journey through the cytoskeleton to the mitochondria inside the cytoplasm. Endoplasmic Reticulum - Both ER types are covered in making essential cellular segments. For the most part in charge of the combination and handling of proteins that are either emitted from the cell or that end up stuck in the plasma film. The lipids made in the SER are joined with phosphorous to make phospholipids‚ the most inexhaustible section of the cell. Lysosomes - The inside
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