The effect temperature has on the cell membrane is that at low temperatures‚ the cell membrane becomes turgid (stiff‚ harder) in order to ’adapt’ to it’s new environment‚ making it harder for substances to pass/diffuse through it‚ at higher temperatures‚ the cell is softer‚ and more fluid like and when the temperature is too hot for the cell to handle‚ it breaks up or ’melts’‚ releasing what was inside of the cell. This is shown by the results in the graph by the lower temperature
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assume all of the following except 11. What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized? 12. E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment? 13. The leading and the lagging strands differ in that 14. What is meant by
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Case Study: Spherocytosis Spherocytosis is a condition that affects red blood cells. People with this condition typically experience a shortage of red blood cells which is anemia‚ yellowing of the eyes and skin also known as jaundice‚ and an enlarged spleen which is called splenomegaly. Most newborns with spherocytosis have severe anemia‚ although it improves after the first year of life. Splenomegaly can occur anytime from early childhood to adulthood. About half of affected individuals develop
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molecule that can diffuse freely in a cell. Other molecules need assistance through the cell membrane through a process called facilitated diffusion. Osmosis moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration. In osmosis water moves in the opposite way. Water flow is determined by the concentration‚ not the nature of the solute. There are a couple of things to consider for diffusion to work. The size of the cell‚ permeability‚ molecules in the cell‚ and time it takes to diffuse. Processed
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What is the function of each component of the model? What determines the flexibility of the cell membrane? 14. What are the types of transport across the cell membrane? Which uses proteins? Which needs energy? 15. For end product feedback‚ the product stops enzyme activity. Explain the two ways enzymes are inhibited by product. 16. What is the resting membrane potential range of cells 17. Describe the model that describes how an enzyme fits a substrate. Which is the “key” and
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particular solute through a membrane in order to generate an electrochemical gradient to confer certain membrane potential characteristics on it. This gradient is of interest as an indicator of the state of the cell through parameters such as the Nernst potential. In terms of membrane transport the gradient is of interest as it contributes to increased system entropy in the co-transport of substances against their gradient. One of the most important pumps in animal cells is the sodium potassium pump
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02.02 Early Cells 1. How are cells affected by the movement of water? Cells are affected by the water through diffusion. You see if you when you apply or remove water from the cell it will most likely show you how it functions. For example when you have the egg and you apply a bit of water it will most likely shrink if you add a lot of water it’s mostly likely that the egg will burst. Hypothesis (What do you think will happen to the egg after the three days? Be sure to give a reason for
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concentration across a cell membrane. The cell membrane was represented by an egg without a shell. II. Hypothesis The egg that will placed in the distilled water will swell like a balloon. This is because distilled water is a hypotonic solution which makes water go in a cell (the egg without a shell) and make it swell. The egg that will placed in the syrup will shrivel up and look a raisin a little. This is because syrup is a hypertonic solution which makes water go out of a cell (the egg without a
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Sensitivity- The ability to detect or sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and to make responses. Reproduction- The processes that make more of the same kind of organism. Growth- A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in the cell number‚ size or both. Movement- An action by an organism causing a change of position or place. MRS GREN 2-Classification System Key words: Binomial‚ Genus‚ species‚ Vertebrate‚ Fish‚ Amphibian‚ Reptile‚ Bird‚ Mammal‚ Virus‚ Bacteria‚ Fungi
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G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface proteins that relay extracellular signals to the nucleus. These signals can be in the form of light‚ peptides‚ lipids‚ and sugars. Once activated by a ligand at the outer cell surface‚ GPCRs activate their cognate G-proteins that reside on the inner cell membrane. The activated G-proteins then slide along the inside of the cell membrane to activate a cascade of proteins and enzymes that in turn amplify the original message received by the GPCR
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