surface area of a beetroot (Beta Vulgaris) piece? Background The membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer which is semi permeable. Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane. It is easy for water molecules to pass through this membrane however solutes that are big in size may find it hard to as the semi-permeable membrane is selective to the smaller particles. This may cause a change in
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solutions with varying concentrations of sodium chloride on the red blood cells of sheep by measuring the transmittance of a red blood cell/NaCl solution with a spectrometer. This is done in order to study the effects of solutions containing varying levels of tonicity to red blood cells. Tonicity describes what happens to a cell when it is placed in a certain solution. Hypertonic solutions contain a lower solute concentration than the cell cytoplasm‚ hypotonic solutions contain a higher solute concentration
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Bridges Between Cells Unlocking New Understandings Inside Them Though most mammals‚ including humans‚ are born with one skin colour for the rest of their lives‚ there lives a variety of species that are able to change their colour in order to blend in with their surroundings. Amphibians‚ fish‚ and reptiles make up a large component of these animals‚ with the chromatophore organelle present within their cells that allows them to rapidly change colour. One of the few classifications of this organelle
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then respond and influence the degree to which the stimuli restore the affected variable to homeostasis. Examples of homeostatic control systems CELL VOLUME HOMEOSTASIS All cells face a critical problem in the maintenance of a constant volume in the face of extracellular and intracellular fluctuations. These fluctuations can result in cell volume increase or decrease. These are generally swelling and shrinkage respectively.
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in the environment. Transport inside cells and moving the body. Control their internal conditions. Increasing the number of organisms. Increasing the number of cells. Variety of Living Organisms Plants: o o o o o o Multicellular organisms Contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis Have cellulose walls outside the cell walls to provide support to the cell Store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose Have large permanent vacuoles filled with cell sap that contains water and dissolved
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process by which hormones can cause certain genes to be turned on. (4) Any 2 from: - A hormone binds to a receptor in the cell surface membrane - Idea of the receptor causing (chemical) changes inside the cell - A (functional) {second messenger} activates an {enzyme/transcription factor/eq} Any 2 from: - Idea of a hormone entering the cell through the cell membrane - The hormone binds to a receptor - The {hormone-receptor complex/eq} acts as a transcription factor What is the negative
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secretion of trichocysts by treating cells with EGTA‚ an agent that blocks calcium ions; our second tested whether increased calcium will counter the inhibitory effects of EGTA; our third tested whether adding different ion‚ like MgCl‚
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root hair cells‚ the water molecules move from the area of high potential to the area of low potential. From the soil into the roots. The process by which the molecules of water move into the root hair cells is ’osmosis’. This is a passive process‚ meaning that no energy (in the form of ATP) is used. There are two main ways in which water makes its way to the xylem (cells). These are: the apoplast pathway‚ and the symplast pathway. With the apoplast pathway‚ the water enters the cell wall and then
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possible for human survival without nutrients for up to several weeks‚ without water humans would die in a matter of days. In the human body‚ water makes up 60-70% of adult body weight. At cellular level water makes up between 70-95% of the mass of a cell. The amount of water in the human body is balanced. This balance is between water obtained from liquids consumed and food eaten‚ and water loss in urine during excretion or as water vapour in sweating. When the normal water balance in the body is disrupted
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MATERIAL AND METHODS Stability of cell membrane using pH For the lab experiment for testing the stability of beet cell membranes using pH‚ many materials were used as follows. Obtaining a beet we punch out cores‚ using a cork borer. After washing the cores we put each one inside a separate test tube‚ and added a different pH solution in each one. After 3 minutes in these exposure solutions‚ we took the beet out with a dissecting needle. Then transferred each beet to a separate test tube containing
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