2.3. Membranes and modules for forward osmosis: 2.3.1. FO Membranes Generally‚ any dense‚ non-porous‚ selectively permeable material can be used as a membrane for FO. Such membranes have been tested (in flat sheet and capillary configurations) in the past for various applications of FO. In early studies‚ the researchers applied various FO membrane materials‚ including bladders of pigs‚ cattle‚ and fish; collodion (nitrocellulose); rubber; porcelain; and goldbeaters’ skin [36]. By 1960‚ Loeb and
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(Table 1) during the simulation period of 0.5 s (Fig 1A and 1B). The partial densities of the peptide distribution were broadened owing to the unfolded conformations (Fig 1A and 1B). Simulations for BMAP27 interaction with zwitterionic and anionic membranes depicted a differential peptide folding and kinetics. Results showed a fast peptide attraction (~ 50-80 ns) followed by slow binding and reorientation (~100-500 ns) on the bilayer surface. The calculated -helical conformation of BMAP27 revealed
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min. 40 min. 60 min. 1 10% glucose + yeast 2 1% starch + yeast 3 1% starch + yeast + amylase What gas accumulated in the calibrated portion of the fermentation tube? What metabolic pathway is utilized by yeast cells? Why was amylase added to the third test tube? Did respiration occur in the beaker containing yeast and starch? Why? III. Aerobic Respiration Define the following terms: Glycolysis Kreb’s or citric acid cycle Electron transport
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is higher in potato cells‚ the cytoplasm of the cell is hypertonic. The water molecule will flow from higher concentration to lower concentration‚ so that they get out of potato cells through osmosis. The plasma membrane of plant cell will collapse as the water inside the cell become less and less‚ that cause plasmolysis and the cell become flaccid. 2. A salt water fish may die if placed in fresh water. Why? In order to keep an isotonic condition‚ the salt water fish’s cells have the same concentration
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adjacent cells‚ with an effect on cell-cell adhesion and epithelial permeability. It also works as a boundary between the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains to create the polarisation of endothelial and epithelial cells. These junctions are comprised of sets of continuous networking strands in the outwardly facing cytoplasmic leaflet‚ with complementary grooves in the inwardly facing extra cytoplasmic leaflet. Figure 1: Tight junction location between the epithelial cells and paracellular
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components of the cell membrane? A) phospholipids and cellulose B) nucleic acids and proteins C) phospholipids and proteins D) proteins and cellulose E) glycoproteins and cholesterol For the following questions‚ match the labeled component of the cell membrane (Figure 7.1) with its description. [pic] Figure 7.1 5) peripheral protein 6) cholesterol 9) glycolipid 11) The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals A) enables the membrane to stay fluid
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nerve cell maintains a difference in charge between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane. This difference in charge is continued by three factors. Firstly‚ in the cell membrane‚ there are sodium potassium ‘pumps’ crossing the membrane which are proteins that bring 2 potassium ions into the cell‚ for every 3 sodium ions it pumps out. As well as this‚ there are protein channels which allow potassium ions in the cell to flow out via facilitated diffusion. Potassium diffuses out the cell much
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eukaryotic organelles. ”A eukaryotic cell is sectioned by internal membranes into different functioning categories called organelles. For example‚ the nucleus houses DNA‚ the genetic component that controls the cells activities. (Boundless. “Introduction” Boundless Biology). The Cytoplasm is the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It has a lot of responsibilities within the cell. It contains enzymes for breaking down waste and also gives the cell its shape. The Nucleus or the brain
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The Lipid Barrier of the Cell Membrane‚ and Cell Membrane Transport Proteins The structure of the membrane covering the outside of every cell of the body is discussed in Chapter 2 and illustrated in Figures 2–3 and 4–2.This membrane consists almost entirely of a lipid bilayer‚ but it also contains large numbers of protein molecules in the lipid‚ many of which penetrate all the way through the membrane‚ as shown in Figure 4–2. The lipid bilayer is not miscible with either the extracellular
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to regulate water loss and limit the size of insect growth. The exoskeleton is made up of a composite called chitin. Chitin is a chemical relative of glycogen and cellulose. The exoskeleton is made up of three parts called the epidermis‚ basement membrane‚ and the cuticle. The cuticle is the part of the exoskeleton where most chitin concentrations occur. Bumblebee wings are formed of the same material as the rest of the exoskeleton; bumblebees have four wings with the two rear wings being small and
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