These changes in seawater chemistry have wide-ranging effects on marine creatures and their physiological processes. For instance‚ acidification of seawater makes it more difficult for shellfish to calcify and form shells‚ with blue mussels and Pacific Oysters showing a decrease in calcification of 25% and 10% respectively (Gazeau et al
Premium Ocean Carbon dioxide Global warming
and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. The saline conditions tolerated by various species range from brackish water‚ through pure seawater (30 to 40 ppt)‚ to water of over twice the salinity of ocean seawater‚ where the salt has become concentrated by evaporation (up to 90 ppt).[1][2] The many species of trees and shrubs adapted to saline conditions are not all closely related‚ and the term "mangrove" may be used for
Premium Mangrove
Title page 1. Module Code: FC502 3T 2. Module Title: Skills for Study 2 3. Tutor Name: Tracey Blakeman 4. Name of Group: Group 3 5. Assessment Title: Report 6. Assignment Title: Write a recommendation report in which you compare two water provision methods for an arid region of your choice. You must consider the following requirements when comparing water methods which are cost and environmental impact. 7. Student ID Number: 200966602 8. Submission Date:
Premium Water Water supply Desalination
Architecture of the oil tanker From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Oil tankers generally have from 8 to 12 tanks.[1] Each tank is split into two or three independent compartments by fore-and-aft bulkheads.[1] The tanks are numbered with tank one being the forwardmost. Individual compartments are referred to by the tank number and the athwartships position‚ such as "one port"‚ "three starboard"‚ or "six center."[1] A cofferdam is a small space left open between two bulkheads‚ to give protection
Premium Exxon Valdez oil spill Petroleum
Climate change Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions‚ or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e.‚ more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation)‚ variations in solar radiation received by Earth‚ plate tectonics and
Free Global warming Greenhouse gas Earth
Topic 9 - The Carbon Cycle Aspects of the carbon cycle are similar to the hydrologic cycle because both are good examples of “Interactions between the systems". Textbook – topic not covered in text. http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/ The Carbon Cycle Neglecting the small amount of carbon (C) added to Earth by meteorite impacts‚ there is a fixed amount of carbon on Earth (~800‚000 billion tonnes). All living things are made of carbon but carbon is also a part of the ocean‚ air‚ and
Free Carbon dioxide Global warming Methane
Coral reefs have existed on this planet for approximately 450 million years. They provide an extremely diverse marine ecosystem. (Bellwood and Wainwirght2002) Coral reefs are the largest natural structures in the world and occur in over 100 countries. They are the result of a remarkable relationship between coral animals and microscopic algae. The microscopic algae (zooxanthellae) coverts sunlight and carbon dioxide into oxygen (photosynthesis) and carbohydrates for the coral animals (polyps)
Premium Coral reef Coral Species
dioxide stays in the atmosphere. Scientists estimate that one-third of all the carbon dioxide produced by human activities has been absorbed by the ocean. The absorption of carbon dioxide is making seawater more acidic. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean‚ where it reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). Almost immediately‚ carbonic acid dissociates to form bicarbonate ions (HCO3) and hydrogen ions (H+). As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases‚ the water
Premium Carbon dioxide Ocean
Origin and spelling of the name The earliest mention of the island in the Western world was on a map by Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer‚ who labelled the island "Pulo Carcata." ("Pulo" is a form of pulau‚ the Indonesian word for "island".) There are two generally accepted spellings‚ Krakatoa and Krakatau. While Krakatoa is more common in the English-speaking world‚ Krakatau (or Krakatao in an older Portuguese based spelling) tends to be favored by Indonesians. The origin of the spelling Krakatoa is unclear
Premium Volcano
and Diesel Engines in HM Surface Ships and Submarines: Defence Standard 02-320 Issue 2 Publication Date 8 February 2002. 6. Oil and Bilge Water Shipboard Processing Arrangements: Defence Standard 02-322 Issue 2 Publication Date 02 December 2002 7. Seawater systems for HM Surface ships: Naval Engineering standard 719/Issue 02/Oct 1981.
Premium Case study Valve Fluid dynamics