pH In chemistry‚ pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Pure water has a pH very close to 7. pH is defined as the decimal logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity‚ aH+‚ in a solution. Universal indicator consists of a mixture of indicators such that there is a continuous color change from about pH 2 to pH 10. Universal indicator paper
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water has too many total dissolved solids (TDS) to be usable. As the human population grows‚ demands for fresh water supplies increase. One technology being developed to meet this growing demand is desalination. Desalination allows us to utilize seawater and brackish groundwater that was previously considered unsafe for use. Water is classified as fresh if it contains less than 1‚000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of TDS (2). The goal of desalination is to bring water into this safe range. There
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Earth’s oceans could potentially be utilized as a source of virtually inexhaustible renewable energy. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a method that employs naturally occurring temperature differences between warm surface water and colder deep seawater. To be effective a minimum temperature difference between the ocean surface layers is 20C . These temperature gradients exist primarily in specific tropical regions near the equator originally proposed by French Engineer Jacques Arsene d’Arsonval
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soil moisture (for terrestrial ecosystems) and in the water (for aquatic ecosystems) Level of natural or artificial toxic substances dissolved in soil moisture and in the water Salinity of water (for aquatic ecosystems) Level of dissolved oxygen in the water (for aquatic ecosystems) • • • Seawater has a salinity of 35% Chapter 7: Global Patterns of Climate and Natural Vegetation Soil in the ecosystem • Weathered rock material‚ mixed with highly-altered soil mineral particles‚ organic
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seasonal rainfall with prolonged dry periods. 9. Tropical Forest – occur in regions subjected to a wet season and a dry season (usually two to three months each year.) Aquatic ecosystem – are classified primarily on abiotic factors‚ such as salinity that help determine an aquatic life
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Kyle Cosentino Managing Coastal Ecosystems 8/31/10 The Freshwater Shark: Bull Sharks and Their Movement between Fresh and Saline Environments Carcharhinus Leucas or bull sharks are the only species of sharks that are able to travel long distances and spend extended periods of time in freshwater environments. Although many people disagree‚ I believe that one of the bull sharks’ main reason for entering freshwater is to find breeding grounds. There is evidence that supports this theory‚ and it
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conductivity (EC) is a property of soil that is determined by standardized measures of soil conductance (resistance-1) by the distance and cross sectional area through which a current travels. Traditionally‚ soil paste EC has been used to assess soil salinity (Rhoades et al.‚ 1989)‚ but now commercial devices are available to rapidly and economically measure and map bulk soil EC across agricultural fields. The Veris® 3100 (Veris Technologies‚ Salina‚ Kansas) measures EC with a system of coulters that
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system on this planet because of its important driving forces of the planet. Why is it named Thermohaline? The thermohaline has this name because it consists of general oceanic circulation controlled by the differences in temperature and salinity. Salinity refers to the total amount of dissolved salts in grams that are present in one kilogram of sea water‚ for example sodium and chloride. ‘Thermo’ comes from the use of heat in the process and ‘haline’ represents table salt‚ also known as halite
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1-litre glass jars; 6‚ 7”x9” aluminums trays; 12 pcs. 3”x4” SM plastic bags; 500g loam soil; 500g compost soil; 500mL seawater; 500mL tap water; Analytical balance; Graduated cylinder; and Weighing scale. The procedure involved cutting the SM plastics bags into 3”x4” sizes strips. Label the strips into C1‚ C2‚ C3 for compost soil‚ L1‚ L2‚ L3 for loam soil‚ S1‚ S2‚ S3 for seawater and T1‚ T2‚ T3 for Tap water treatments. Then determine the initial weights of the plastic strips in grams using the
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the Aral Sea had to suffer because the fishes and other organic lives started to face a disaster that might not have any solution a “DISTINCTION”. Dams that were built by the Soviet Union across the 2 rivers for irrigation also had some affect on salinity‚ notably by reduction of its variability with the season’s smaller lakes within the Aral sea that have stopped being
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