genital secretions that can serve as targets for HIV (e.g.‚ CD4+ cells). Increased infectiousness. STDs also appear to increase the risk of an HIV-infected person transmitting the virus to his or her sex partners. Studies have shown that HIV-infected individuals who are also infected with other STDs are particularly likely to shed HIV in their genital secretions. For example‚ men who are infected with both gonorrhea and HIV are more than twice as likely to have HIV in their genital secretions than
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are multiple cell types in the stomach lining including the mucus‚ parietal‚ endocrine‚ and chief cells. The principle function of the stomach is to mix the food with digestive enzymes creating a semi-fluid mixture known as chyme. The digestive secretions in the stomach include hydrochloric acid‚ pepsin‚ intrinsic factor‚ and
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become blocked‚ produce excessive secretions Sweat Glands – extreme decrease in salt reabsorbtion‚ resulting in high salt content in sweat. Lungs – Mucus plugging‚ chronic bacterial infections‚ pronounced inflammatory response‚ damaged airways leading to respiratory insufficiency‚ progressive decline in pulmonary function. Male reproductive tract – males with CF are sterile due to degeneration and/or obstruction of the vas deferens. Pancreas – reduced secretions‚ damage to acini‚ blacked ducts
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original filtrate Active Reabsorption: glucose‚ other simple sugars‚ amino acids‚ vitamins‚ ions (including sodium‚ potassium‚ calcium‚ magnesium‚ phosphate‚ and bicarbonate Passive Reabsorption: urea‚ chloride ions‚ lipid-soluble materials‚ water Secretion: hydrogen ions‚ ammonium ions‚ creatinine‚ drugs and toxins Nephron Loop Reabsorption of 25 % of the water and 20-25% of the sodium and chloride ions
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inflammation of gastric mucosa. This can occur due to the action of irritant food on gastric mucosa. C: Disorders of Stomach : C: Disorders of Stomach Causes of Gastritis The irritation of gastric mucosa by: i. Alcohol ii. Aspirin iii. Too much secretion of HCl C: Disorders of Stomach: C : Disorders of Stomach In gastritis‚ patient feel pain in stomach as well as burning sensation in his throat. C: Disorders of Stomach: C: Disorders of Stomach Gastric Atrophy In many person who have chronic
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units are called monosaccharides‚ such as glucose‚ galactose‚ and fructose. Diabetes Mellitus is a variable disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors and usually characterized by inadequate secretion or utilization of insulin. One article gave information regarding the control of diabetes without the modification of diet‚ insulin or oral medication but of the overall composition of the individuals’ diet. The study concluded that of the carbohydrates
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Mary A. Carskadon of Brown University‚ found that more mature adolescents had later circadian rhythm timing‚ based on melatonin secretions in saliva samples. This finding shows that melatonin secretion occurs at a later time in adolescents as they mature; thus‚ it is difficult for them to go to sleep earlier at night. The melatonin secretion also turns off later in the morning‚ which makes it harder to wake up early (Carskadon et al.‚ 1998)‚” (Backgrounder). Melatonin is a hormone that
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Treatment After a diagnosis of COPD is made‚ the next step is a plan of care for the patient. Primary healthcare providers can reduce further lung damage and COPD exacerbations through early diagnosis‚ pharmacological‚ and rehabilitation interventions (Bauldoff‚ 2012). Pulmonary rehabilitation is a program in which a team of healthcare professionals help manage and treat the problems caused by COPD‚ resulting in a reduction of symptoms and an improved quality of life. It typically combines exercise
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Chapter 25 Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections‚ Sixth Edition Campbell‚ Reece‚ Taylor‚ Simon‚ and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Introduction: Chilling Out Bears sleep a lot during winter But bears do not hibernate Instead‚ they become dormant – Body temperature drops from 37°C to 31–34°C – True hibernators may cool to 30°C Dormant bears – Are easily awakened – True
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glomerular capillaries c- Vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles d- Hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman capsule 6) The descending segment of the loop of henle primarily allows for: a- Sodium secretion b- Potassium secretion c- Hydrogen ion secretion d- Water absorption 7) Which of these hormones synthesized and secreted by the kidneys stimulates bone marrow production of red blood cells? a- Creatine b- Aldosterone c- Erythropoietin d- Renin
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