possesses both endocrine and exocrine functions and is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity. Th e endocrine function of the pancreas relates to the secretion of two hormones‚ insulin and glucagon‚ which serve to regulate the levels of blood glucose. Th e exocrine function of the pancreas involves the secretion of enzymes that are responsible for the digestion of food in the lumen of the small intestine. Normally‚ the digestive enzymes (especially the proteases) are secreted
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.2 Consequences for Hypomagnesaemia Serum magnesium concentration is seldom being measured in routine blood tests. Thus‚ to identify this issue‚ it requires direct measure in clinical situations that usually associated with the disturbance of magnesium homeostasis‚ such as chronic diarrhoea‚ hypokalaemia‚ cardiac arrhythmias and hypocalcaemia. Hypomagnesaemia has been observed in 12%of hospitalized patients‚ and the incidence may rise above 60% in patients in ICU. Magnesium deficiency produces in
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Positioning‚ semi fowlers or upright | Proper positioning helps to drain secretions with the help of gravity | Able to cough and breathe more freely. | Encourage expulsion of sputum; suction when needed | Thick‚ secretions are a major reason for impaired gas exchange in the alveoli. Proper suctioning may be required when cough is ineffective for removal of secretions. | After suctioning patient’s airway will be free of sputum and secretions | Encourage deep breathing from diaphragm and coughing. | This
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and out of the nephron’s structural components. 14. Research the points in the nephron’s structure where the three key processes of filtration‚ reabsorptionand secretion occur. Think about how these three processes relate to the composition of blood and to urine. 15. Use a green marker to label where filtration‚ reabsorption and secretion occur along the nephron. 16. Use purple arrows to show where glucose reabsorption occurs in the nephron. Make sure the arrows are pointing in the correct direction
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1. Which of the following statements about the immune system is TRUE? A. Specific immune defenses are innate (pre-existing) B. Non-specific immune defenses are not innate: they are activated by exposure to foreign antigens C. Non-specific immune defenses require involvement of T-cells and B-cells D. Non-specific immune defenses include fever and the body’s inflammatory response E. None of the above 2. Which of the following does NOT occur during inflammatory
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waste) and excessive water from the blood. The basic unit of the kidney is called the nephrons. How the kidneys function The kidneys have three basic mechanisms for separating the various components of the blood: filtration‚ reabsorption‚ and secretion. These three processes occur in the nephron (Figure 2)‚ which is the most basic functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains approximately one million of these
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CHEMICAL SIGNALS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS Endocrine System: a system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body function Hormones: chemical messengers or regulators • they are released by cells in one part of the body and affect cells in other parts of the body to speed up or slow down processes. Endocrine Hormones – are produced in glands and secreted directly into the blood and distributed by the circulatory system. Makes hormones and regulates the pituitary gland Pineal gland (makes serotonin
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up in the urethral bulb. This is where all the other secretions that make up semen collect. The prostate gland secretes 30% of the seminal fluid by volume‚ a milky substance that activates the sperm and balance the pH of the acidic vagina (if that is where its going). The seminal vesicles provide almost 70% of the seminal fluid volume with fluid containing sugar and nutrients for the sperm to survive its journey. The Cowper’s gland secretions do not collect in the urethral bulb but gets released
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selected patients‚ multiple factors may contribute to the fall in the plasma sodium concentration. Symptomatic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an example of this phenomenon‚ as volume depletion‚ the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion‚ and adrenal insufficiency all may be present. (See "Electrolyte disturbances with HIV infection".) The presence of hyponatremia‚ even of relatively mild severity‚ is associated with adverse survival. This includes patients with heart and/or hepatic
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Involved bronchi become dilated and thus less able to clear secretions. These secretions increase the amount of bacteria in the lungs‚ consequently‚ airway obstruction and further damage of the airways (Colledge et al.‚ 2010). Clinical features of bronchiectasis Some people with bronchiectasis may have a cough productive
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