NEW JERSEY SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM MANUAL FOR COASTAL HAZARD MITIGATION Compiled by Thomas O. Herrington 2 PREFACE New Jersey is often used as an example of a natural system gone awry. The unflattering term "New Jerseyization" was coined by a prominent scientist to describe a developed‚ eroding coast‚ where natural beaches have been replaced by engineering structures. This view may have been correct in the past‚ when seawalls and bulkheads replaced many of our beaches‚ but our beaches
Premium Flood Tropical cyclone Storm
catastrophic climatic events throughout Earth’s 4.5 billion year history. Evidence for climate change can be preserved in marine and lake sediments‚ ice sheets‚ fossil corals‚ glacial deposits‚ sedimentary structures‚ fossils and ice cores. Advances in laboratory techniques have allowed scientists to show how and why the climate has changed in the past. Marine Sediments The accumulated remains of marine organisms make much of the deep ocean floor. When these organisms were alive‚ they would absorb oxygen
Premium Carbon dioxide Climate change Greenhouse gas
Describe in basic terms how elements were/are formed during the big bang (including the reasons why only H/He formed abundantly)‚ during normal stellar operation (including why some elements such as Si and Fe were formed more abundantly)‚ and during supernova processes/explosion Big bang only thing that forms out of the big bang is the nuetrons. Protons plus electrons = hydrogen. Hydrogen fuses the helium. There are no stable atoms with 5 or 8 nucleons (hydrogen would have 5‚ helium would have
Premium Plate tectonics
Assignment on “Water Pollution & Global Warming” Course : Introduction to Public Health Course Code : PBH 101 Prepared for Dr. Maleeha Azeem (MeA) Course Instructor North South University Prepared by Kazi Nazrul Islam Id : 1010275 030 Sec : 01 Date of Submission : 20 November‚ 2011 PBH 101 [ASSIGNMENT ON WATER POLLUTION & GLOBAL WARMING] Table of Contents: Index Contents 1.0 Water Pollution 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Sources of Water Pollution 1.3 Common Contaminants 1.4 Health Hazards Caused by
Premium Water pollution Water
The Carbon Cycle is a complex series of processes through which all of the carbon atoms in existence rotate. The same carbon atoms in your body today have been used in countless other molecules since time began. The wood burned just a few decades ago could have produced carbon dioxide which through photosynthesis became part of a plant. When you eat that plant‚ the same carbon from the wood which was burnt can become part of you. The carbon cycle is the great natural recycler of carbon atoms. Unfortunately
Free Carbon dioxide Oxygen Sulfur
Minerals Eight most abundant elements in the Earth’s Crust: Abundance % by weight – Most common Ionic Form Most Common Coordination Numbers Relative Ionic Size Oxygen (O) 46.6 % O-2 - - - 1.40 Silicon (Si) 27.7 % Si+4 Si (4) 0.26 Aluminum (Al) 8.1 % Al+3 Al (4‚ or 6) 0.39 Iron (Fe) 5.0 % Fe+2 Fe (6) 0.63 Calcium (Ca) 3.6 % Ca+2 Ca (8) 1.00 Sodium (Na) 2.8 % Na+1 Na (8) 0.99 Potassium (K) 2.6 % K+1 K (8‚ 12) 1.37 Magnesium (Mg) 2.1 % Mg+2 - - - 0.72 Distinction between crystalline and non-crystalline
Premium Volcano Lava Basalt
trace fossils There are also fossil plants Where are fossils found? Fossils may be found almost anywhere sedimentary rocks are exposed. Sedimentary rocks are rocks that formed when layers of sediment such as clay‚ mud‚ silt‚ or sand hardened over millions of years. These types of sediments settle down in lakes‚ swamps and oceans. This is one of the reasons why most fossils are the remains of animals who lived in or near the water. What do fossils tell us? Rock layers can tell
Premium Fossil Sedimentary rock Dinosaur
these are then consumed by fishes and larger sea animals. This food chain is distributed to the higher levels. · Heavy metals like lead‚ mercury‚ iron‚ cadmium‚ aluminum‚ and magnesium are present in water sources. If these metals are present in the sediment‚ these reach the food chain through plants and aquatic animals. This causes heavy metal poisoning in the water. · Polluted water is a hot bed for diseases. Microbial
Premium Water Water pollution Pollution
Coastal management is the practice of preservation and prevention of destruction to the marine and land environment including grasslands‚ vegetation‚ sand dunes‚ residential housing and landscape. Many strategies are used to protect the coastal area such as a sea bee wall to counteract wave destruction‚ sand dune revegetation to regenerate growth or construction of rock pools and rocky platforms to avoid coastal erosion. All three of the management tactics are used at Cronulla Beach‚ which is an
Premium
and other things. They compress and cement on top of each other forming layers. When the water evaporates‚ the sediments are left behind and forms a new rock. This rock is either clastic (formed from igneous rock) or organic (formed from living remains). The other type of sedimentary rock is chemical which is formed by the evaporation of water and the precipitation on sediments form a new rock. Metomorphic rock is the recrystalization (change w/o melting) of rocks under extreem heat and
Premium Sedimentary rock Igneous rock Rock