Part 1 Background Chapter 1 Introduction to Databases 1.1 A database management system provides a number of facilities that will vary from system to system. Describe the type of facilities you might expect‚ especially those that aid the initial implementation of a database and its subsequent administration. Initially‚ the type of facilities expected should be described. These include: data storage and retrieval‚ concurrency control mechanism‚ authorization services‚ integrity mechanisms
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Although‚ data is separated into different and more complex tables during normalization‚ the process of normalizing a database can help to organize data more efficiently by minimizing redundancy and providing more accurate records. During the process‚ column and field names are consolidated into more specific ones to avoid repetition of data. In many cases‚ tables are divided into two or more tables and linked via a relationship using their Primary Keys and/or Foreign Keys. The main goal is to
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Database Design Process Database Life Cycle Key points Database design must reflect the information system of which the database is a part Information systems undergo evaluation and revision within a framework known as the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Databases also undergo evaluation and revision within a framework known as the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) There are two general design strategies exist: top-down vs. bottom-up design centralized vs. decentralized design 2
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A hypermedia database is a computer retrieval system. The database allows the user to access texts‚ video and audio recordings and photographs. Files are stored according to subject. Hypermedia Database Hypermedia database comprises a set of interconnected multimedia web pages. In this type of database‚ information is stored online and the data can be accessed by several users at a time. Hypermedia‚ an extension of the term hypertext‚ is a nonlinear medium of information which includes graphics
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Assignments Requirements 1. Look up the definition of functional dependency. Can you find a good example? In relational database theory‚ a functional dependency is a constraint between two sets of attributes in a relation from a database. Cars Suppose one is designing a system to track vehicles and the capacity of their engines. Each vehicle has a unique vehicle identification number (VIN). One would write VIN → Engine Capacity because it would be inappropriate for a vehicle’s engine to have
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there has been a controversial issue dealing with building a national DNA database. This issue has been brought up over the discussion of the actual database and what kinds of effects will come out of it‚ if it actually happens to go through. Some people think the database will be a force in crime fighting. Others think it is a violation of civil liberties. In the early 1900s‚ “fingerprinting‚” a new crime-fighting database‚ was developed. With the exception of identical twins‚ no two people have
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Key concepts Let me start by naming a few of the most important concepts in relational database design. A basic understanding of these will be required to understand the rest of the article. * Primary Key (PK) A column with a unique value for each row. Although not all database management systems (DBMS) require you to put a PK into each table‚ from a design perspective a PK is a requirement. No table should be without one. * Foreign Key (FK) These define relationships between tables. When
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Lecture-13 Structured Query Language (SQL) Introduction Commercial database systems use more user friendly language to specify the queries. SQL is the most influential commercially marketed product language. Other commercially used languages are QBE‚ Quel‚ and Datalog. Basic Structure The basic structure of an SQL consists of three clauses: select‚ from and where. select: it corresponds to the projection operation of relational algebra. Used to list the attributes desired in the
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Exchange Traded Bonds and Sukuk (ETBS) Bonds/Sukuk have always been seen as an asset class to hedge when markets are bearish and a means to develop a steady income over many years. But in the past the bonds/sukuk market was accessible only to high net worth and institutional investors. Now with ETBS‚ all investors can have access to the bond/sukuk market with ease‚ via the stock market. What are ETBS ETBS are fixed income securities‚ also known as bonds or sukuk*‚ that are listed and traded on the
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Intro to Database assignment The purpose of this assignment is to : • Give evidence of your research skills o Use as many resources as you need o Attribute sources o Do not “copy and paste”! o Read and re-write in your own words • Allow critical analysis of your current report/essay writing skills • Identify areas where improvement may be advisable • Give you a better grasp of databases as a an area of study • Allow you to research /work collaboratively but still submit a unique piece
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