William‚ who had married his mother Alberta and worked as a farmer and coal miner. During high school‚ Fred graduated as valedictorian. Shuttlesworth worked assorted jobs before he was called to the pulpit‚ studying at the ministerial institution Selma University and earning his B.A. in 1951‚ later earning his B.S. from Alabama State College. He became the pastor of Birmingham’s Bethel Baptist Church in 1953. After Brown v. Board of Education ruling‚ Fred was inspired to actively participate in the growing Civil Rights
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African Americans into the streets for peaceful protests as well as acts of civil disobedience and economic boycotts in what some leaders describe as America ’s second civil war. The non-violent marches and movement actions were tested in places like Alabama‚ Mississippi and Washington. These non-violent marches many times were meant with violence being perpetrated by the oppressors‚ not the oppressed and that was an incredibly powerful message and an incredibly
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Before James Lawson and the big four civil rights groups‚ the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)‚ the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)‚ and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) embraced using nonviolence as the main strategy to fight segregation‚ many Blacks engaged in civil disobedience as means of challenging racial injustice. One of the well-known act of nonviolence before the Civil Rights Movement was the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Homer Plessy challenged racial
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graduate their not fully prepared for the workforce. Discrimination is also another challenge and a serious one. Racial discrimination is not a thing but has been around for centuries. One example is the one in Selma where men and women were clubbed by the police for trying to march to Montgomery. Discrimination is also based on sex and sexual orientation. A woman is given a hard time these days when they want to go into a male dominant work field. They say either that their not looking for woman for
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However‚ in the year 1956 the famous Martin Luther king alongside Rosa parks designed a Montgomery bus boycott event that was followed by many or almost all African Americans who were seeking freedom from such inequality in their state. A man named James Weldon created the well known phrase “The red summer”. He was a man who seriously had passion
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believed in. Many people took part in marches‚ bus boycotts to protest segregation. For example people took part in the bus boycotts because Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat on the bus Montgomery‚ Alabama. People got angry and Jo Ann Robinson was one of them‚ “she stayed up all night making hand-written flyers to stay off the bus” (pg 29 Scholastic) until they gave up segregation on buses. About ¾ of colored population did not ride the bus in Montgomery. In addition
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rights movement anytime blacks made a decision about anything and what their course of action would be they always met with the ministers and lay leaders of their local churches. In doing this is how they decided to form an association known as The Montgomery Improvement Association they also chose a spokesman‚ at the time 26 year old minister Martin Luther King Jr. Two years later King and other local black ministers formed what still exist today The Southern Leadership Conference (SCLC). The goal in
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civil rights movement. His charismatic speaking ability – such as the memorable I Have A Dream speech -‚ his ability to use the media to amplify and show the world the violent retaliation by whites in Southern America and his association with the Montgomery Bus Boycott contribute to his importance in relation to the civil rights movement. However‚ the improvement of Black American’s lives was not down to King alone. It is important to recognise other very significant changes which resulted in larger
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The Adoption of the 13th Amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1965 In the turn of the fifteenth century African American traveled with European explorers‚ especially Spanish and Portuguese to the New world many serving as crew members‚ servants and slaves (Bigelow‚ 2011). African Americans were free in the beginning times of the New World‚ though first white landowners faced labor crisis‚ what appeared easiest was to force the strong‚ hardworking African Americans to slavery by the mid-sixteen
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final words are ’106 years old’‚ he’s making the ordinary into extraordinary‚ one woman who is 106 years old. Obama then uses Ann Nixon Cooper to famous historic events she has lived through. “She was there for the buses in Montgomery‚ the hoses in Birmingham‚ a bridge in Selma‚ and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that ‘we shall overcome’”. He is invoking the memories of various significant moments in the civil rights movement. Obama avoids referring to his victory as a part of this history
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