INTRODUCTION Grapevine is an informal channel of business communication. It is called so because it stretches throughout the organization in all directions irrespective of the authority levels. Man as we know is a social animal. Despite existence of formal channels in an organization‚ the informal channels tend to develop when he interacts with other people in organization. It exists more at lower levels of organization. The dictionary gives us a definition for the grapevine which says it is "the informal
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Groups can be defined by either informal groups‚ or formal groups. Formal groups A formal group is set by an official authority or leader designed to complete a specific task or purpose and is strictly regulated by the organisations rules and practices. In a formal group responsibility of an outcome of a task is set usually to the leader‚ discipline and reward is mainly handed down to the leader via the organisation. A formal group is coordinated by activities shared between a number of people
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Different social‚ professional and cultural context may effect relationships and the way people communicate because of a lack of understanding into one another’s back ground and culture. This could be through their race‚ religion‚ and ethnicity or where they come from. Each one of these can have similar or different ways to communicate. Social background It has been suggested by Laing and Chazan in fontang 1984 that some children grow up within environmental and social circumstances which may
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considered suitable for formal contexts and often not in use for long. (Chomsky‚ 1999) From the perspective of sociolinguistics‚ slang is a kind of jargon marked by its rejection of formal rules‚ its comparative freshness and its common ephemerality‚ and its marked use to claim solidarity. The importance of language in establishing social identity is shown in the case of slang. Slang is primary speech claiming group membership‚ and it rejects the power dimensions associated with formal language. Often‚
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MANAGING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS Outcome 1 – Scotia Airways case study 1. Illustrate the relationship between organisational goals‚ objectives‚ and policy and justify their contribution to the effective management of Scotia Airways. Goal is the end of result the organization strives for. It is established specific‚ measurable‚ and observable end result‚ which has one or more time- targeted objectives. Objectives encourage action which means there is certain effort made in order
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within the formal organization. • spontaneous collaboration: the informal organization exists in every business. Is a necessary prerequisite for effective staff collaboration at the informal level because there is a high rate of spontaneous collaboration that can and should be channeled towards the company. • The possibility opposition of the formal organization: when it is not well understood or improperly handled the informal organization can be developed in opposition to the formal organization
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September 24 2013 Patryk Nikoniuk Introduction This report provides information about Scotia Airways‚ small‚ private airline based in Glasgow. It pays attention mostly to the management side of the company highlighting major strengths and weaknesses while offering some explanation for observed changes. This report will contain also recommendations for control strategy‚ outline of company’s stakeholders and explanation of Open System Theory. Illustrate the relationship
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looking up unfamiliar words? According to the article “Malcolm X: A Homemade Education from The Autobiography of Malcolm X‚ a dictionary is used as A tool to learn formal English. Malcolm explains his battle between street language and formal language. While in Charlestown Prison‚ he uses self motivation and teaches himself formal English. The way he does it is very unique. Malcolm calls himself “the most articulate hustler out there”‚ but faces incredible frustration when it cam to expressing
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This document explain the features of what the exam paper would look like gives the students such as you how to structure‚ time and plan your work before writing. This gives a start on preparation before the real deal therefore those who get the jitters before the exam this would be useful towards you as this could be used to extent that you gain your confidence from the test paper and achieve the result you have been revising and studying for. This is from a slidesshare.net easiet possible way
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An industrial organization as a social system This chapter points out that how Industrial organizations are regarded as a social system and how the specific component leads to affect this system. Author talks about the “Industrial organization” which are performing two different functions: producing a product‚ creating and distributing satisfaction among its individual members. By considering these points the author takes the lead to categorize the organization in two parts viz.
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