Lead is a metal that occurs naturally in the earth’s crust‚ but human activity‚ such as mining‚ burning fossil fuels and manufacturing‚ has caused it to become more widespread. This element‚ however‚ has no known purpose that can be beneficial for humanity. Rather‚ it is an extremely harmful chemical that can cause serious damage and even potentially death when at high concentrations. Events‚ like the one in Flint‚ Michigan‚ where shortcuts by the government caused serious lead poisoning in the town
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Sample Paper- 2013 Sub: Biology Class-XI Time: 3Hrs. M.M.70 General Instructions:- a. All Questions are compulsory. b. The question paper consists of 30 questions divided into four sections A‚ B‚ C and D. The section A contains 1-8 questions of 1 mark each‚ the section B consists of 9-18 question of 2 marks each‚ the section C has 19-27 question of 3 marks each and section D includes 28-30 question of 5 marks each. c. There is no overall choice. However‚ internal choice has
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learned that the primary structure of a cell membrane is made up of a double layer of phospholipids molecules. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecules face outwards towards the water base solutions inside and outside the cell. The membrane is also made up of proteins‚ carbohydrate molecules‚ and cholesterol that form gates and pores‚ cell recognition‚ and stability. Active transport is used when a cell needs a substance to cross the membrane against its concentration gradient using protein
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A pump is a protein that hydrolyses ATP in order to transport a particular solute through a membrane in order to generate an electrochemical gradient to confer certain membrane potential characteristics on it. This gradient is of interest as an indicator of the state of the cell through parameters such as the Nernst potential. In terms of membrane transport the gradient is of interest as it contributes to increased system entropy in the co-transport of substances against their gradient. One of the
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take away the sodium chloride solution and add water. 2 Explain what happened to the cells in sodium chloride solution using biological terms. Try to include these words. cytoplasm diffusion water solvent dissolved salts solute cell membrane vacuole cell wall osmosis plasmolysis turgid flaccid turgor 3 Explain what happened to the cells when you replaced the surrounding sodium chloride solution with water. Try to include the words from the list again. 4 What prevents
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Remarkably‚ cytoplasm liquefies when shaken or stirred. Cytoplasm can be referred to as cytosol‚ which means cell substance. Cytoplasm is the substance where all of the other organelles are suspended and held together by a fatty membrane. The cytoplasm is found inside the cell membrane‚ surrounding the nuclear envelope and the cytoplasmic organelles. Under a microscope‚ cytoplasm appears as a three-dimensional lattice of thin protein-rich strands. In other words‚ cytoplasm is like a fence that is made up
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in LB which is a complex or undefined medium. LB includes: - trypton - yeast extract - NaCl Preparation of cell extract The bacterial cell is enclosed in a cytoplasmic membrane and surrounded by a rigid cell wall. With some species‚ including E.coli the cell wall may itself be enveloped by a second‚ outer membrane. All of these barriers have to be disrupted to release the cell components. Techniques for breaking open bacterial cells can be divided into • physical methods‚ in which the cells
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List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved. In males and females‚ intracellular fluid has a greater proportion of total body water than does extracellular fluid. Give-and-take between the ICF and the ECF happens across plasma membranes by osmosis‚ diffusion‚ and carrier-mediated transport. The kinds of homeostasis involved are fluid Balance‚ electrolyte Balance‚ and Acid–Base Balance. Fluid balance is when the quantity of water we gain each day is equivalent to the amount we
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Week 2 Worksheet – Chapters 3‚ 4‚ and 5 ACROSS 1 The movement of a substance from one place to another due to the substance’s kinetic energy. Diffusion 3 The smallest living structural and functional unit that is enclosed by a membrane. Cell 6 The point at which a substance becomes evenly distributed throughout the solution and the concentration gradient disappears. equilibrium 7 One cell or a group of highly specialized epithelial cells that secrete substances into ducts‚ onto
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place. Water will always move from an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential. In animal cells‚ movement of water into and out of a cell is influenced by the relative concentration of solute on either side of the plasma membrane. Water will move by osmosis in the hypoosmotic → hyperosmotic direction. If water moves out of the cell‚ the cell will shrink. If water moves into
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