their functions. Cells are different in size‚ shape‚ & function COMPOSITE CELL A cell has a cell membrane‚ cytoplasm‚ & nucleus ORGANELLS- perform specific functions The nucleus controls over all cell activities because it contains DNA the genetic material CELL MEMBRANE is a selectively permeable passage way. CELL MEMBRANE is made up of protein‚ lipid‚ & carbohydrate molecules Cell membrane is BILAYER of phospholipid molecules CYTOPLASM –contains organelles‚ cytoskeleton‚ suspended in CYTOSOL
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the nucleus. These signals can be in the form of light‚ peptides‚ lipids‚ and sugars. Once activated by a ligand at the outer cell surface‚ GPCRs activate their cognate G-proteins that reside on the inner cell membrane. The activated G-proteins then slide along the inside of the cell membrane to activate a cascade of proteins and enzymes that in turn amplify the original message received by the GPCR. Protein scaffolds are members of the signaling cascade downstream of GPCRs. Scaffold proteins help
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maintains the cell membrane. The main components of the cell include the cell membrane‚ cytoplasm‚ the nucleus‚ nucleolus‚ nuclear membrane‚ endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER and rough ER)‚ mitochondria‚ Golgi apparatus‚ lysosomes‚ ribosomes and vacuoles. a) The cell membrane – The cell membrane otherwise known as the plasma membrane is located on the surface of a typical animal cell. The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and is a selectively permeable membrane that allows substances
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MDIS Foundation Certificate in Biomedical Sciences Name : Student ID/NRIC/FIN: Batch : Lab Group : Date : 27th July 2012 |Total Marks Scored | | ‘Father of Chemotherapy’ Chemotherapy is the use of chemical matters to cure diseases (1). The origins of chemotherapy is attributed to Paul Erhlich‚ a Nobel Laureate in Medicine (1814-1915)‚ who is recognized as the ‘Father
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(A) Hydrophilic Head- This head is attracted to water‚ so it faces outward to protect the cell from water. We used red “puff balls” because they resemble the hydrophilic head through the shape. (B) Hydrophobic Tail- These tails are like to stay away from water‚ so they face inward. We used green pipe cleaners because they resemble hydrophobic tail by the way they can bend and be easily shaped. (C) Ion Channel- Ions channels transport polar atoms like‚ Na+‚ K+‚ Ca++‚ and Cl-‚ in and out of the cell
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egg is placed in a container with vinegar solution 2. A bubble from the water is beginning to emerge. ( but not a lot) | 15.24cm | 24 | 1. The hard egg shell is being dissolved 2. The egg is still inside the inner part of the membrane | 16.51cm | 48 | 1. The egg shell is really soft 2. After some hours I saw the shell it has completely dissolved | 17.78cm | 72 | 1. I have recorded growth on the egg its self 2. The egg is no were near
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move into available space. It’s the spread of something more widely. Substances diffuse in high concentrated area to a low concentrated area. Water is one molecule that can diffuse freely in a cell. Other molecules need assistance through the cell membrane through a process called facilitated diffusion. Osmosis moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration. In osmosis water moves in the opposite way. Water flow is determined by the concentration‚ not the nature of the solute. There
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allowing it to keep ahead of immune system recognition mechanisms and avoid destruction. (Cancer is discussed on pp. 145-146) 3.2 Selective permeability is a characteristics of healthy‚ intact cells. When a cell (or its plasma membrane) is severely damaged‚ the membrane becomes permeable to virtually everything‚ and substances flow into and out of the cell freely. This phenomenon is evident when someone has been severely burned. Precious fluids‚ proteins‚ and ions "weep" from the damaged cells.
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has more concentration of K+. The membrane is permeable to a particular ion‚ that ion will diffuse down its concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 2. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: Because outside has more K+‚ the rate of diffusion is less. The resting membrane potential will become less negative
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called a concentration gradient‚ can result in diffusion‚ the movement of molecules from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration. 2. osmosis‚ turgor pressure: Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane. When osmosis results in water molecules entering a plant cell‚ the molecules exert a pressure against the cell wall‚ called turgor pressure. 3. hypertonic‚ plasmolysis : hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cytosol of
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