hierarchy is divided into deficiency needs and growth needs and he used these to describe what motivated human behavior. The attachment theory was first developed by John Bowlby‚ then expanded by Mary Ainsworth with the “Strange Situation.” The attachment theory is positioned around the emotional bonds that
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provide clinical application through a case presentation; Lastly‚ summarize a research study that examines the association between attachment and chronic illness. Theory and History Attachment theory began with a British child psychiatrist‚ John Bowlby‚ who worked with emotionally disturbed young children and realized that he could help them by positively influencing how the parents interacted with them. He noted that some of these children exhibited antisocial behavior or lacked any affection‚
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Running Head: ATTACHMENT THEORY Attachment Theory: A Bond for Specific Others Abstract Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth that examine a special emotional relationship that involves an exchange of comfort‚ care‚ and pleasure. John Bowlby devoted extensive research to the concept of attachment and describes it as a connectedness between individuals that is psychologically lasting and through Mary Ainsworth’s innovative methodology not only has
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explanation given by Bowlby and the alternative explanation by Schaffer and Emerson. I.e. Monotrophy vs. Multiple attachment and the stages as described by Bowlby) 529 words John Bowlby believed that in the early stages of child development the maternal relationship was the basis of the child becoming an emotionally balanced adult. He believed that the relationship should stem from a monotrophy maternal figure or substitutes loving‚ caring and consistent relations with the child. Bowlby believed that
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the influence of childhood and/or adolescents experiences on later adults relationships (8+16) Individuals differ in their relationships; psychologists have researched whether adult relationships are related to early experiences in life. Bowlby believes that the type of relationship the individual has with their primary caregiver gives a basis of a future relationship. This is called the internal working model. The fear of strangers represents an important survival mechanism‚ which is by
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faire. The democratic style was proven to be most effective. Mary Ainsworth: Methods: Ainsworth performed a longitudinal study in Uganda. She used home visits‚ naturalistic observations‚ and interviews with the mothers of the
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them Bowlby (1969) – Bowlby’s Theory Attachment is adaptive & innate Lorenz (1952) – Bowlby’s Theory Imprinting in animals Hodges & Tizard (1989) – Bowlby’s Theory Sensitive period Belsky & Rovine (1987) – Bowlby’s Theory Temperament hypothesis Van Izjendoorn et al. (1999) – Types of Attachment Meta-analysis Ainsworth et al. (1978) – Types of Attachment Strange situation findings Prior & Glaser (1006) – Types of Attachment Behaviour in later childhood Ainsworth (1967)
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‘Explain Bowlby’s theory of attachment?’ (For top marks‚ mention: Social releasers‚ Sensitive Period‚ Montropy‚ internal model and the continuity hypothesis): * “Bowlby’s theory of attachment is an evolutionary theory that suggests the behaviours demonstrated by caregivers and babies are an innate and indistinctive drive to form attachment and have evolved through natural selection. * According to Bowlby‚ forming an attachment enables an infant to explore the world whilst having a secure
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Attachment Theory John Bowlby was a psychoanalyst and has developed his knowledge and understanding into the theory of Attachment. Bowlby believed that children have been born programmed to form attachments which will help them survive; this is known as evolutionary attachments. Bowlby believed that all attachments are instinctive‚ he said that attachments are shown when the child is under conditions of feeling threatened‚ such as: separation‚ fear and insecurity. In 1969 and 1988 Bowlby suggested that fear
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a connection between two people. It is a bond that involves a persons desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress during separation from that person” (Ainsworth‚ M. 1958) Two of the biggest contributors to the understanding of attachment are Harry Harlow (1905 - 1981) and Mary Ainsworth (1913 - 1999). In 1958‚ psychologist Harry Harlow conducted a series of experiments to investigate an infants bond with its mother or care provider. Due to the ethics at the time
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