Polymerase chain reaction The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude‚ generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis‚ PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications. These include DNA cloning for sequencing‚ DNA-based phylogeny
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Concerns about radiation‚ however‚ tend to limit use of CT in pregnant women and children. A properly performed CT scan with modern equipment has a detection rate (sensitivity) of over 95%‚ and a similar specificity. Signs of appendicitis on CT scan include lack of oral contrast (oral dye) in the appendix‚ direct visualization of appendiceal enlargement (greater than 6 mm in cross-sectional diameter)‚ and appendiceal wall enhancement with
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correct diagnosis difficult under a microscope in the laboratory. Cells collected can be obscured by blood‚ mucus and inflammation. REFERENCE VALUES: 1. Liquid – Based Cytology 61% to 66% (range of sensitivity) 82% to 91% (range of specificity) 2. Conventional Pap Smear 30% to 87% (range of sensitivity) 14% to 33% (false negative rate) NOTE: Pap smears are not perfect and the screening will not be 100% accurate. But it is one of the best cancer prevention tool. PREGNANCY TESTS Pregnancy tests are
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Testicular cancer involves the malignant transformation of normal gonocytes into germ cell tumours. It is the most common malignancy amongst men aged 15-35 years‚ and has a current cure rate of 90%‚ however incidence amongst Caucasian males is steadily rising.1 There are three main types: teratoma‚ usually neonates and children; seminoma/nonseminoma‚ occurs in men >15 years old; and spermatocytic seminoma which occurs in men >50 years old. Seminoma/nonseminoma are the most common‚ and only malignant
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Entry Ticket As you enter the meeting‚ please post your answer to this question. NOTE: There is no right or wrong answer! What do you think could be a possible cause of autism? This week’s agenda: Unit 2! Studies • Multimedia: • Launch ABA Case Study Portfolio • Launch ABA Terminology Game • Readings: • The Autistic Spectrum • Chapter 4 • “First Causes” pg. 115125/Summary pg. 140-141 • Chapter 13 This week’s agenda: Unit 2! Studies • Search the Capella Library or a professional site (i
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Neurocore Diagnostics WHAT THE PATIENT CAN EXPECT A technician places electrodes‚ similar to EKG leads‚ to the patient’s legs or arms. Then a low intensity electric current is directed over the nerves that lead to those electrodes so that a computer can record and evaluate the consequent nerve impulse for velocity‚ onset and amplitude. Neuropathies are caused by damage to the nerves axon and/or damage to the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve. If a response is slower than normal‚ damage
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A. Fourth Amendment: Reasonableness Requirement The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of persons‚ papers‚ houses‚ and effects by the government. A search or seizure occurs when the government violates a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy. Under two-prong Katz test‚ a reasonable expectation of privacy exists‚ where (1) a person exhibits a subjective expectation of privacy‚ and (2) society deems the expectation objectively reasonable. Under the subjective
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Urine Testing for Drugs of Abuse U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol‚ Drug Abuse‚ and Mental Health Administration Urine Testing for Drugs of Abuse Editors: Richard L. Hawks‚ Ph.D. C. Nora Chiang‚ Ph.D. Division of Preclinical Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA Research Monograph 73 1986 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol‚ Drug Abuse‚ and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug
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Monoclonal antibody production are very different. Most antigens have many antibody binding sites‚ or epitopes. Therefore‚ many different antibodies may bind to any one antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are specific for only one antigen epitope. Epitope specificity brings several advantages including dose response predictability and uniformity of batches. In 1975 Kohler and Milstein developed a process that produced monoclonal antibody. The generation of monoclonal antibodies requires a living organism‚
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other EHEC strains were mauve‚ red or pink and indistinguishable from other strains of E. coli. Manafi and Kremsmaier (2001) evaluated the efficiency of different media for detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7. They found that SMAC agar had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.1 per cent and 91.6 per cent‚ Fluorocult HC agar
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